Python入门

1.Python说明书

Python是一种跨平台的计算机程序设计语言。是一种面向对象的动态类型语言，最初被设计用于编写自动化脚本，随着版本的不断更新和语言新功能的添加，越来越多被用于独立的、大型项目的开发。

Python自1991年面世后至今吸引了大批的程序员，Python是一种代表简单主义思想的语言，Python语言使人在阅读的时候有一种品味英文的感觉，尽管这种英文格式很严格。Python中最为著名的一句话‘Life is short ,You need Python’，正所谓‘人生苦短，你需要Python’，Python一定能给你带来不一样的体验。

2.Python具备的功能

在这里我们先来谈一下Python能做些什么？

Python作为一门编程语言，它不仅可以像C和C++一样来进行算法操作，同时它还具备很多强大的功能来帮助我们进行给更多的知识探索。

例如：web开发、大数据处理、人工智能、自动化运维开发、云计算、桌面软件、爬虫、游戏开发等多个领域。

3.学习前提

1）既然是零基础教程，即使没有编程基础，也可以收获到成果。

2）有一颗热爱探索的心，这门语言可以带你领略计算机世界的奥秘。

3）有一定的英语基础，在学习过程中可以不断提高自己的英语水平。

4）在遇到变成困难的时候，多思考多询问，不要急躁，不要轻言放弃。

5）有一颗让自己变的更优秀的决心。

4.何为Python

Python至问世以来经历了多个版本，大家可以在Python官网中查看。网址为：https://www.python.org/downloads/。

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截止目前，仍然保留的版本主要是Python2.x和Python3.x。Python2.x和Python3.x在语句输出、编码、运算和异常等方面做了一些调整。

关于初学者应该选择哪个版本，Python3.x是趋势，本教程即为Python3.x的教程。Python3.x对Python2.x的标准库进行了一定程度的重新拆分和整合，使得它比2.x更容易理解，特别是字符编码方面。

5.编程语言

编程语言又分为编译型语言和解释型语言。

常见的编译型语言有C/C++，编译型语言是指程序在执行之前需要一个专门的编译过程，把程序编译成为机器语言的文件，运行时不需要重新翻译，直接使用编译的结果就行了。程序执行效率高，依赖编译器，跨平台性差些。

而Python由于其特性归属于解释型语言，解释型语言是指程序不需要编译，程序在运行时才翻译成机器语言，每执行一次都要翻译一次。因此解释型语言效率比较低，但是在网页脚本、服务器脚本及辅助开发接口这样的对速度要求不高、对不同系统平台间的兼容性有一定要求的程序则通常使用解释性语言，而Python就属于一个跨平台功能强大的语言。

Python文件在被运行的时候，解释器会进行两个步骤：首先将源代码编译为字节码（以.pyc文件保存），然后把编译好的字节码转发到PVM中加以执行，从执行过程可以看出Python属于一门解释型语言，同时可以看出这样的工作效率会低于编译型语言，两种类型的编程语言各有利弊，既然大家选择了Python，那么Python一定不会让你失望。

下一节我们来学习一下如何搭建Python的学习环境。
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