多态数组的应用

public class PolyArray01 {//多态数组
    //数组的定义类型为父类类型
    //里面保存的实际元素类型为子类类型

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //声明存放Person类型的静态数组
           Person[] person =new Person[6];
           //在数组中存放子类类型的元素
           person[0]=new Student("小米",35,66);
           person[1]=new Student("小刚",19,88);
           person[2]=new Student("小智",61,99);
           person[3]=new Teacher("大强",35,25000);
           person[4]=new Teacher("张浪",65,35500);
           person[5]=new Teacher("智多",55,66666);

           //遍历数组 输出元素
        for (int i=0;i<person.length;i++){
            System.out.println(person[i].show());//其中person[i].show() 应用到了动态绑定机制
        }
    }
}
//父类 Person类
class Person{
    private  String name;
    private  int age;
    //无参构造器
    public Person(){

    }
    //有参构造器
    public Person(String name,int age){
        this.name =name;
        this.age =age;

    }

    //定义一个show()方法返回个人信息
    public String show(){
        return getName()+"\t年龄为："+getAge();
    }


    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}
//子类 学生类 Student
class Student extends Person{//继承父类Person
    private double sorce;
    //有参构造器
    public Student(String name,int age,double sorce){
        super(name,age);
        this.sorce=sorce;
    }

    public double getSorce() {
        return sorce;
    }

    public void setSorce(double sorce) {
        this.sorce = sorce;
    }

    //重写父类方法show（）
    public String show(){
        return super.show()+"\t"+"该学生成绩为："+this.sorce;
    }
}

//子类 老师类 Teacher类
class Teacher extends Person{//Teacher继承父类Person
    private double salary;
    //有参构造器
    public Teacher(String name,int age,double salary){
        super(name,age);
        this.salary=salary;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    //重写父类方法show（）
    public String show(){
        return super.show()+"\t"+"该老师的薪水为“"+this.salary;
    }
}

结果如下：

优化代码后

 在学生类中添加了特有方法study

 在老师类中添加了特有方法teach

public class PolyArray01 {//多态数组
    //数组的定义类型为父类类型
    //里面保存的实际元素类型为子类类型

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //声明存放Person类型的静态数组
           Person[] person =new Person[6];
           //在数组中存放子类类型的元素
           person[0]=new Student("小米",35,66);
           person[1]=new Student("小刚",19,88);
           person[2]=new Student("小智",61,99);
           person[3]=new Teacher("大强",35,25000);
           person[4]=new Teacher("张浪",65,35500);
           person[5]=new Teacher("智多",55,66666);

           //遍历数组 输出元素
        for (int i=0;i<person.length;i++){
            System.out.println(person[i].show());//其中person[i].show() 应用到了动态绑定机制
            //利用instanceof 判断person[i] 的运行类型是否为Teacher 或Student
            if(person[i] instanceof Teacher){
                Teacher teacher = (Teacher) person[i];
                teacher.teach();

            }else if(person[i] instanceof Student){
                Student student =(Student)person[i];
                student.study();
            }

        }
    }
}
//父类 Person类
class Person{
    private  String name;
    private  int age;
    //无参构造器
    public Person(){

    }
    //有参构造器
    public Person(String name,int age){
        this.name =name;
        this.age =age;

    }

    //定义一个show()方法返回个人信息
    public String show(){
        return getName()+"\t年龄为："+getAge();
    }


    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}
//子类 学生类 Student
class Student extends Person{//继承父类Person
    private double sorce;
    //有参构造器
    public Student(String name,int age,double sorce){
        super(name,age);
        this.sorce=sorce;
    }

    public double getSorce() {
        return sorce;
    }

    public void setSorce(double sorce) {
        this.sorce = sorce;
    }

    //重写父类方法show（）
    public String show(){
        return super.show()+"\t"+"该学生成绩为："+this.sorce;
    }
    //Student 特有方法
    public void study(){
        System.out.println("学生"+getName()+"正在学习");
    }
}

//子类 老师类 Teacher类
class Teacher extends Person{//Teacher继承父类Person
    private double salary;
    //有参构造器
    public Teacher(String name,int age,double salary){
        super(name,age);
        this.salary=salary;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    //重写父类方法show（）
    public String show(){
        return super.show()+"\t"+"该老师的薪水为“"+this.salary;
    }
    //Teacher 特有方法
    public void teach(){
        System.out.println("老师"+getName()+"正在教学");
    }
}

结果如下