文件上传优化及注意事项:
服务器是需要花钱的,所以上传文件大小都有限制。
文件上传,我建立的是maven。和狂神的不一样,和之前一样,搭建好基本架构,修改web.xml。导入jar包,设置tomcat等等。。。准备工作做好!
文件目录:
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.Li</groupId>
<artifactId>file</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>file Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>file</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
FileServlet:
强调!!
//必须要放在doPost下,否则不会成功!!!
最重要的步骤:
就这几步。
package com.Li.servlet;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.ProgressListener;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
public class FileServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet{
//必须要放在doPost下,否则不会成功!!!
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//判断上传的文件是普通表单还是带文件的表单
if (!ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(req)){
return;//终止方法的运行,说明这是一个普通的表单,直接返回
}
//创建上传文件的保存路径,建议在WEB-INF路径下,安全,用户无法直接访问上传的文件:
String uploadPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
File uploadFile = new File(uploadPath);
if (!uploadFile.exists()){
uploadFile.mkdir();//如果没有这个文件,创建这个文件
}
//缓存,临时文件
//临时路径,假如文件超过了预期的大小,我们就把他放在一个临时文件夹下,过几天自动删除,或提醒用户转存为永久保存到本地。
String tmpPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/tmp");
File file = new File(tmpPath);
if (!file.exists()){
file.mkdir();//如果没有这个临时文件,创建这个临时文件
}
//处理上传的文件,一般都需要通过流来获取,我们可以使用request.getInputStream(),原生态的文件上传流获取,十分麻烦
//但是我们都建议使用 Apache的文件上传组件来实现,common-fileupload,它需要依赖于 commons-io组件;
//1.创建DiskFileItemFactory对象,处理文件上传路径或者大小限制的;
DiskFileItemFactory factory = getDiskFileItemFactory(file);
//2.获取ServletFileUpload
ServletFileUpload upload = getServletFileUpload(factory);
//3.处理上传的文件
String msg = null;
try {
msg = uploadParseRequest(upload, req, uploadPath);
} catch (FileUploadException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//servlet请求转发
req.setAttribute("msg", msg);
req.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
public static DiskFileItemFactory getDiskFileItemFactory(File file) {//即使不设置也有默认值
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
//通过这个工厂设置一个缓冲区,当上传的文件大于这个缓冲区的时候,将他放到临时文件中;
factory.setSizeThreshold(1024 * 1024); //缓存区大小为1M
factory.setRepository(file);//临时目录的保存目录,需要一个File
return factory;
}
public static ServletFileUpload getServletFileUpload(DiskFileItemFactory factory) {//即使不设置也有默认值
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
//监听文件上传进度;
upload.setProgressListener(new ProgressListener() {
@Override
//pBytesRead:已经读取到的文件大小
//pContentLength : 文件大小
public void update(long pBytesRead, long pContentLength, int pItems) {
System.out.println("总大小:" + pContentLength + "已上传:" + pBytesRead);
}
});
//处理乱码问题
upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");
//设置单个文件的最大值
upload.setFileSizeMax(1024 * 1024 * 10);
//设置总共能够上传文件的大小
//1024 = 1kb * 1024 = 1M * 10 = 10M
upload.setSizeMax(1024 * 1024 * 10);
return upload;
}
public static String uploadParseRequest(ServletFileUpload upload,HttpServletRequest request,String uploadPath) throws FileUploadException, IOException {
String msg = "";
//3.把前端请求解析,封装成一个FileItem对象,需要从ServletFileUpload中获取
List<FileItem> fileItems = upload.parseRequest(request);
for (FileItem fileItem : fileItems) {
if (fileItem.isFormField()){ //判断上传的文件是普通的表单还是带文件的表单
//getFieldName指的是前端表单控件的name;
String name = fileItem.getFieldName();
String value = fileItem.getString("UTF-8"); //处理乱码
System.out.println(name+":"+value);
}else { //判断它是上传的文件
//=======================处理文件===============================//
//拿到文件名字
String uploadFileName = fileItem.getName();
System.out.println("上传的文件名:"+uploadFileName);
if (uploadFileName.trim().equals("")||uploadFileName==null){//可能存在文件名不合法
continue;
}
//获得上传的文件名 /images/girl/paojie.png
String fileName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);//获取文件上传名就是拿到整个文件的路径,在最后一个/+1也就是最后一个/之后的内容
//获得文件的后缀名
String fileExtName = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);//最后一个.再+1
/*
如果文件后缀名 fileExtName 不是我们所需要的
就直接return,不处理,告诉用户文件类型不对。
*/
System.out.println("文件信息 [件名:"+fileName+"---文件类型"+fileExtName+"]");
//可以使用UUID(唯一识别的通用码),保证文件名唯一;
//UUID.randomUUID(),随机生一个唯一识别的通用码;
String uuidPath = UUID.randomUUID().toString();//处理安全问题,保证文件唯一
//=======================处理文件完毕===============================//
//存到哪? uploadPath
//文件真实存在的路径 realPath
String realPath = uploadPath+"/"+uuidPath;
//给每个文件创建一个对应的文件夹
File realPathFile = new File(realPath);
if (!realPathFile.exists()){
realPathFile.mkdir();
}
//=======================存放地址完毕===============================//
//获得文件上传的流
InputStream inputStream = fileItem.getInputStream();
//创建一个文件输出流
//realPath = 真实的文件夹;
//差了一个文件; 加上输出文件的名字+"/"+uuidFileName
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(realPath+"/"+fileName);
//创建一个缓冲区
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024*1024];
//判断是否读取完毕
int len = 0;
//如果大于0说明还存在数据;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))>0){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//关闭流
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
msg = "文件上传成功!";
fileItem.delete(); //上传成功,清除临时文件
//=======================文件传输完毕===============================//
}
}
return msg;
}
}
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0"
metadata-complete="true">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>FileServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.Li.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>FileServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/upload.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<%--通过表单上传文件
get:上传文件大小有限制
post:没限制
文件上传务必选择post
--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}获取现实中服务器路径。--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload.do" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
上传用户:<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
<p><input type="file" name="file1"></p>
<p><input type="file" name="file1"></p>
<p><input type="submit"> | <input type="reset"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
info.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Li
Date: 2022/7/23
Time: 10:54
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
进行测试。。。
maven创建的话,测试后的文件是在weapps下的file_war。
upload中的UUID 中存储着内容。