雅思大作文写作——定语从句&标点符号

一、定语从句

定语从句在雅思考试中占据非常重要的位置

（一） 作用

1. 放在句首替换状语从句

2. 替换关键的名词

3. where引导的定语从句解释地点所发生的事情，其特点是从句是独立的完整的句子

4. 非限制性定语从句表示结果（有逗号的那个定于从句哈哈哈哈）

5. 前面一个单句的最后一个词和后面一个单句的第一个名词重复，可以连在一起。

注意：定语从句的使用有很多限制，基础不好的可以不写，要不然容易弄巧成拙。

（二）常见错误

1. 关系代词的正确选择

	主语	宾语
先行词是人	who(that)	whom(that)
先行词是物	which(that)	which(that)

2. 定语从句缺失谓语动词

3. 如果先行词在从句中充当主语的定语，那么要用whose，而不是which或者who

4. 关系代词如果在介词后面，只能用which或者whom，不能用that

5. 定语从句中动词的数应该和先行词的人称保持一致

6. 关系代词which，that，who，whom后的句子不完整（缺失主语或者宾语），而关系副词where、when、why后的句子必定完整。

7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：

（1）限制性定语从句后面没有逗号，特指所修饰的名词的某部分。

（2）非限制性定语从句的后面有逗号，对所修饰名词不作任何的限定。

8. 定语从句不能没有任何主句。

二、标点符号

雅思大作文常用的标点符号有：逗号，分号，句号这三个

三种符号的差异

1. 分号和句号类似于连词，连接两个独立的句子，而逗号不可以。

2. 逗号如果连接两个独立的句子，中间要有并列连词and，or，but等等

3. 连接副词moreover，consequently，also，even，however等使用的时候，只能前边加了分号或者句号，才可以连接独立的句子。

4. 分号和句号前后一定是举例的句子，因此，如果后面只有一个状语从句，就是错误的。

5. 逗号决定了限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，是主要区别。

三、范文示例

题目：

Today, people do not always work for the same job. Why does it happen and how do people prepare for job insecurity？

范文（7分-8分）：

In this rapidly changing world, it is no longer realistic to expect to have a permanent job. People should take action to cope with the challenges of job insecurity, whether they decide to change their jobs or they are dismissed by their employers.
There are so many unpredictable factors in the world of work that employers have to downsize the workforce. For example, in the times of economic recession, companies have to lay off some employees in order to reduce the running cost, which means that a large number of people will lose their jobs. Technlogy has been developing so fast that many people have failed to upgrade their skills to meet the requirements of their employers. Some of them maylose employment, for example, for the simple reason that they do not have the knowledge about the newest generation of software and cannot keep pace with the changes in the workplace.
Another reason why few people expect to stay in the same job for a lifetime is that they are interested in a varied career. They work for different companies in order to discover their own talents and fulfil their potential. While some prefer to work for large companies, where they can improve skills and increase earnings, some may choose to work for start-ups, in which they are trusted with more responsibilities
Because of the uncertainty about job prospects, working adults have to pay attention to two major issues. They should sharpen their skills and receive education to ensure that they can adapt to an ever-changing world. One example is the popularity of attending courses to acquire a second language because many companies operate in a globalised world. In addition to this, they should save money to cope with all financial matters arising from unemployment. With sufficient savings, they can even run their own businesses, if they fail to find employment.
To summarise, the turbulent business environment and the unstoppable technological progress have accounted for the unpredictability of the job market. Solutions to these problems include job training and sound financial planning.