HttpServletRequest对象
在Servlet API中,定义了一个HttpServletRequest接口,它继承自ServletRequest 接口,专门用来封装HTTP请求消息。由于HTTP请求消息分为请求行、请求消息头和请求消息体3部分,因此,在HttpServletRequest接口中定义了获取请求行、请求头和请求消息体的相关方法。接下来,本节将针对这些方法进行详细的讲解。
获取请求行信 息的相关方法
访问Servlet时,会在请求消息的请求行中,包含请求方法、请求资源名,请求路径等信息,为了获取这些信息,在HttpServletRequest接口中,定义了一系列用于获取请求行的方法,如表:
在chapter04项目的src目录下,新建一个名称为cn.itcast.chapter04.request的包,在包中编写一个名为RequestLineServlet 的类,该类中编写了用于获取请求行中相关信息的方法,如
RequestLineServlet
package cn_itcast.chapter04.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
-
Servlet implementation class RequestLine
*/
@WebServlet("/line")
public class RequestLine extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;/**
- @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String method= request.getMethod();
System.out.println("请求方式: "+method) ;
String proto= request.getProtocol( );
System.out.println("请求协议: "+proto) ;
String contextpath= request.getContextPath();
System.out.println("请求方式: "+contextpath);
String servletpath= request.getServletPath();
System.out.println( "servletpath: "+servletpath);
String pathURI= request.getRequestURI();
StringBuffer pathURL= request.getRequestURL();
System.out.println("RUI: "+pathURI +"URL: "+pathURL);
}
/**
- @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
- @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
}
在web.xmI中配置完RequestLineServlet的映射后,启动Tomcat服务器,在浏览器的地址栏输入地址http://ocalhost:8080/chapter04//line"访问RequestLineServlet,浏览器的显示结果如图4-14所示。
当请求Servlet时,需要通过请求头向服务器传递附加信息,例如,客户端可以接收的数据类型、压缩方式、语言等。为此,在HttpServletRequest接口中,定义了一系列用于获取HTTP清 求头字段的方法,如表4-3所示。
在cn.itcast.chapter04.request包中编写一个名为RequestHeadServlet的类,该类使用getHeadNames()方法来获取请求消息头信息,如
package cn_itcast.chapter04.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
-
Servlet implementation class RequestHead
*/
@WebServlet("/head")
public class RequestHead extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;/**
- @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(“郑志丹”);
response.setContentType(“text/heml;charset=utf-8”);
Enumeration er=request.getHeaderNames();
while(er.hasMoreElements()) {
String name=er.nextElement();
String value=request.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(“消息头:”+name +" : “+value);
//System.out.println(“消息头:”+name +” : “+value+”
");
}
}
/**
- @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
- @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
}
在web.xmI中配置完RequestHeadServlet的映射后,启动Tomcat服务器,在浏览器的地址栏输入地址http://ocalhost:8080/chapter04//head"访问RequestHeadServlet,浏览器的显示结果如图所示。
HttpServletRequest应用
获取请求参数
*在实际开发中,经常需要获取用户提交的表单数据,例如,用户名、密码、电子邮件等,为了方便获取表单中的请求参数,在HttpServletRequest接口的父类ServletRequest中,定义了-系列获取请求参数的方法,如表4-4所示。
*
*表4-4列出了HttpServletRequest 获取请求参数的一系列方法。其中,getParameter()方法用于获取某个指定的参数,而getParameterValues()方法用于获取多个同名的参数。接下来,通过一个具体的案例,分步骤讲解这两个方法的使用,具体如下。
( 1 )在chapter04项目的WebContent根目录下编写一个表单文件form.html,如文件
from.html
密 码:
爱好: 唱歌 跳舞 足球
用户名:
密 码:
爱好: 唱歌 跳舞 足球
**在cn.itcast.chapter04.request包中编写一个名称为RequestParamsServlet的Servlet类,使用该Servlet获取请求参数,如文件:** **RequestParamsServlet** package cn_itcast.chapter04.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
-
Servlet implementation class RequestParamServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/Param")
public class RequestParamServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;/**
- @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(“get请求”);
String username= request.getParameter(“username”);
System.out.println(“username:”+username);
String password= request.getParameter(“password”);
System.out.println(“password:”+password);
String[] hobbys=request.getParameterValues(“hobby”);
System.out.println(“hobbys:”+Arrays.toString(hobbys));
}
/**
- @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(“post请求”);
request.setCharacterEncoding(“utf-8”);
String username= request.getParameter(“username”);
System.out.println(“username:”+username);
String password= request.getParameter(“password”);
System.out.println(“password:”+password);
String[] hobbys= request.getParameterValues(“hobby”);
System.out.println(“hobbys:”+Arrays.toString(hobbys));
}
- @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
}
在文件4-14中,由于参数名为“hobby"” 的值可能有多个,因此,需要使用getParameterValues()方法,获取多个同名参数的值,返回一个String类型的数组,通过遍历数组,打印出每个“hobby" 参数对应的值。在web.xml中配置完RequestParamsServlet映射后,启动Tomcat服务器,在浏览器的地址栏中输入地址"ttp://calhost8080/chapter04form.html" 访问form.html页面,并填写
请求转发
在Servlet 中,如果当前Web资源不想处理请求时,可以通过forward()方法将当前请求传递给其他的Web资源进行处理,这种方式称为请求转发。为了使读者更好地理解使用forward方法实现请求转发的工作原理,接下来通过一张图来描述,如图4-25所示。
了解了forward()方法的工作原理后,接下来,通过一个案例来学习forward()方法的使用在chapter04项目的cn.itcast.chapter04.request包中编写一个名为RequestForwardServlet的Servlet类,该类使用forword()方法将请求转发到一个新的Servlet页面,如文件4-16所示。
RequestForwardServlet.java
package cn_itcast.chapter04.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
-
Servlet implementation class RequestFowardServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/RequestFoward")
public class RequestFowardServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;/**
- @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public RequestFowardServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
- @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
RequestDispatcher rd=request.getRequestDispatcher( " /result");
request.setAttribute( " company" , “huagong” );
rd.forward (request,response);
}
/**
- @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
- @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
}
**通过使用forward(方法,将当前Servlet的请求转发到ResultServlet页面,在cn.itcast.chapter04.request包编写一个名为ResultServlet的类,该类英语获取RequestForwardServlet类中保存在request对象中的数据并输出,ResultServlet 类的代码实现
**
ResultServlet.java
package cn_itcast.chapter04.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
-
Servlet implementation class RequestResultServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/RequestResult")
public class RequestResultServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;/**
- @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public RequestResultServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
- @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType( “text/html;charset=utf-8”);
Object obj=request.getAttribute( “company” ) ;
String name=(String)obj;
response.getWriter().print(“公司名称”+name) ;
}
/**
- @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
- @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
}
在web.xml中,添加完两个Servlet的映射信息后,启动Tomcat服务器,在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/chapter04/RequestForwardServlet" ìjia RequestForwardServlet,浏览器的显示结果如图
请求包含
**请求包含指的是使用include()方法将Servlet 请求转发给其他Web资源进行处理,与请求转发不同的是,在请求包含返回的响应消息中,既包含了当前Servet的响应消息,也包含了其他Web资源所作出的响应消息。为了使读者更好地理解使用nlude0方法实现请求包含的作原理,接下来,通过一个图来描述,如图4-27 所示。
**
**Web资源包含了进来,这样,当请求处理完毕后,回送给客户端的响应结果既包含当前Servlet的响应结果,也包含其他Web资源的响应结果。
了解了include()方法的工作原理后,接下来,通过一个案例来讲解include()方法的使用。首先在cn.itcast chapter04.request包中编写Servlet, ChineseServlet 和IncludedServlet。 **
package cn_itcast.chapter04.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
-
Servlet implementation class ChineseServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/chinese")
public class ChineseServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;/**
-
@see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// ServletOutputStream out=response.getOutputStream();
// response.setHeader(“Content-Type”,“text/html;charset=utf-8”);
// String data=“大数据2005”;
// out.write(data.getBytes(“utf-8”));response.setContentType(“text/html;charset=utf-8”);
String data=“中国人”;
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.print(data);
response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
}
/**
- @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
-
}
package cn_itcast.chapter04.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Date;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
-
Servlet implementation class Loc
*/
@WebServlet("/loc")
public class Loc extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;/**
- @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public Loc() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
-
@see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {response.setStatus(302);
response.setHeader(“Location”, “/chapter04/login.html”);
}
/**
- @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
- @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
}