回溯算法：复原IP地址

class Solution {
    private List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();
    public List<String> restoreIpAddresses(String s) {
        if(s.length() > 12) return res;
        backTracking(s,0,0);
        return res;
    }

    private void backTracking(String s,int startIndex,int pointCount){
        if(pointCount == 3){
            if(isValid(startIndex,s.length()-1,s)){
                res.add(s);
            }
        }

        for(int i = startIndex;i < s.length();i++){
            if(isValid(startIndex,i,s)){
                s = s.substring(0,i+1)+"."+s.substring(i+1);
                pointCount++;
                backTracking(s,i+2,pointCount);
                pointCount--;
                s = s.substring(0,i+1)+s.substring(i+2);
            }else {
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    private boolean isValid(int start,int end,String s){
        if(start > end){
            return false;
        }
        if(s.charAt(start) == '0' && start != end){
            return false;
        }
        int num = 0;
        for(int i = start;i <= end;i++){
            if(s.charAt(i) > '9' || s.charAt(i) < '0'){
                return false;
            }
            num = num * 10 + (s.charAt(i)-'0');
            if(num > 255){
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

难点：ip地址的校验规则，"."符号的插入与回溯