Java构建一个简单的记事本，并实现新建、打开、保存、复制、粘贴和撤销等功能。在实际开发中，可以根据需要进行扩展和调整，实现更加丰富和完善的记事本应用程序。

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class Notepad extends JFrame {
    private JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();

    public Notepad() {
        // 设置窗口标题
        setTitle("Java记事本");

        // 设置窗口大小
        setSize(500, 400);

        // 创建菜单栏
        JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
        setJMenuBar(menuBar);

        // 创建"文件"菜单
        JMenu menuFile = new JMenu("文件");
        menuBar.add(menuFile);

        // 添加"新建"菜单项
        JMenuItem menuItemNew = new JMenuItem("新建");
        menuItemNew.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                textArea.setText("");
            }
        });
        menuFile.add(menuItemNew);

        // 添加"打开"菜单项
        JMenuItem menuItemOpen = new JMenuItem("打开");
        menuItemOpen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                JFileChooser fileChooser = new JFileChooser();
                int result = fileChooser.showOpenDialog(Notepad.this);
                if (result == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
                    File file = fileChooser.getSelectedFile();
                    try {
                        FileReader reader = new FileReader(file);
                        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader);
                        textArea.setText("");
                        String line;
                        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                            textArea.append(line + "\n");
                        }
                        reader.close();
                    } catch (IOException ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        menuFile.add(menuItemOpen);

        // 添加"保存"菜单项
        JMenuItem menuItemSave = new JMenuItem("保存");
        menuItemSave.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                JFileChooser fileChooser = new JFileChooser();
                int result = fileChooser.showSaveDialog(Notepad.this);
                if (result == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
                    File file = fileChooser.getSelectedFile();
                    try {
                        FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(file);
                        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(writer);
                        bw.write(textArea.getText());
                        bw.close();
                    } catch (IOException ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        menuFile.add(menuItemSave);

        // 添加"退出"菜单项
        JMenuItem menuItemExit = new JMenuItem("退出");
        menuItemExit.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        menuFile.add(menuItemExit);

        // 添加"编辑"菜单
        JMenu menuEdit = new JMenu("编辑");
        menuBar.add(menuEdit);

        // 添加"复制"菜单项
        JMenuItem menuItemCopy = new JMenuItem("复制");
        menuItemCopy.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                textArea.copy();
            }
        });
        menuEdit.add(menuItemCopy);

        // 添加"粘贴"菜单项
        JMenuItem menuItemPaste = new JMenuItem("粘贴");
        menuItemPaste.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                textArea.paste();
            }
        });
        menuEdit.add(menuItemPaste);

        // 添加"撤销"菜单项
        JMenuItem menuItemUndo = new JMenuItem("撤销");
        menuItemUndo.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                textArea.undo();
            }
        });
        menuEdit.add(menuItemUndo);

        // 将文本区域组件添加到主窗口中
        add(textArea);

        // 显示主窗口
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Notepad();
    }
}