c++ IO操作耗时和内存拷贝耗时比较

我们知道io操作比内存操作慢，那到底慢多少，多大的数量级呢，或者写文件到底耗时间是多少呢？这决定我们能不能接收这样数量级别的耗时，
示例：写4K数据和拷贝4K数据

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <fstream>

int main() {
    // 测量内存操作的执行时间
    int arry[1024] = {2};
    int arry_tmp[1024] = {0};

    std::ofstream outfile("data.bin", std::ios::binary | std::ios::out);

    if (!outfile.is_open()) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to open the file." << std::endl;
        // return 1;
    }


    auto start_mem = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    // 在这里执行内存操作
    // 例如：循环访问一个大型数组，进行数据处理等
    memcpy(arry_tmp, arry, sizeof(int)*1024);
    auto end_mem = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    auto mem_duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end_mem - start_mem);
    std::cout << "Memory operation took: " << mem_duration.count() << " microseconds" << std::endl;

    // 测量IO操作的执行时间
    auto start_io = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    // 在这里执行IO操作
    // 例如：读写文件，网络通信等
    outfile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arry_tmp), sizeof(arry_tmp));
    auto end_io = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    auto io_duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end_io - start_io);
    std::cout << "IO operation took: " << io_duration.count() << " microseconds" << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

输出

(py37) hq@nuc:~/java/my-project2$ ./a.out 
Memory operation took: 0 microseconds
IO operation took: 28 microseconds

同步IO和异步IO耗时比较

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <fstream>
#include <future>
#include <cstring>

void async_write_file(const std::string& filename, const int* data, size_t size) {
    std::ofstream outfile(filename, std::ios::binary | std::ios::out);

    if (!outfile.is_open()) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to open the file." << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    outfile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data), sizeof(int) * size);
    outfile.close(); // 必须在异步任务中关闭文件，否则可能导致文件未完全写入
}


void sync_write_file(const std::string& filename, const int* data, size_t size) {
    std::ofstream outfile(filename, std::ios::binary | std::ios::out);

    if (!outfile.is_open()) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to open the file." << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    outfile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data), sizeof(int) * size);
    outfile.close(); // 必须在异步任务中关闭文件，否则可能导致文件未完全写入
}

int main() {
    int arry[1024] = {2};
    int arry_tmp[1024] = {0};

    auto start_mem = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    std::memcpy(arry_tmp, arry, sizeof(int) * 1024);
    auto end_mem = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    auto mem_duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end_mem - start_mem);
    std::cout << "内存拷贝耗时: " << mem_duration.count() << " microseconds" << std::endl;

    auto start_io = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    std::future<void> io_result = std::async(std::launch::async, async_write_file, "data.bin", arry_tmp, 1024);
    auto end_io = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    auto io_duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end_io - start_io);
    std::cout << "异步io耗时: " << io_duration.count() << " microseconds" << std::endl;


    start_io = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    sync_write_file("data1.bin", arry_tmp, 1024);
    end_io = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    io_duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end_io - start_io);
    std::cout << "同步io耗时: " << io_duration.count() << " microseconds" << std::endl;
    io_result.get(); // 等待异步任务完成
    return 0;
}

输出

(py37) hq@nuc:~/java/my-project2$ ./a.out 
内存拷贝耗时: 0 microseconds
异步io耗时: 61 microseconds
同步io耗时: 191 microseconds