EL和JSTL表达式

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-09 23:05:29 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-09 23:05:29 发布

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分类专栏： EL和JSTL 文章标签： tomcat java jar

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56557880/article/details/120912435

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1.EL表达式

1.1EL表达式定义

Expression Language（表达式语言）

1.2EL功能

替代JSP页面中数据访问时的复杂编码

1.3为什么使用EL

<%= ( (User)request.getAttribute("user") ).getName() %>

等价于：

${user.name}

1.4表达式语法

${}

2.JSTL表达式：

2.1JSTL定义：

JSP标签标准库(JSP Standard Tag Library)

2.2为什么使用JSTL

EL表达式中可以替代JSP的复杂代码，但是无法添加逻辑判断

EL表达式封装了数据访问的功能，而JSTL标签库则封装了逻辑控制、循环控制以及数据格式化等功能，二者结合使用才能完整实现动态页面的开发需求

2.3JSTL表达式语法

首先导入jar包，再添加指令

jstl.jar

Standard.jar

创建web工程，在WEB-INF中创建一个lib文件夹，将两个jar包复制进文件夹，然后依次右键点击add as library

常用标签：

条件标签：if choose 迭代标签：forEach

3.练习

实现需求：

类似的表格，动态数据

zs	666
2	lisi	777
3	wangwu	888

实现步骤：

1.创建web工程：

2.导包：

在WEB-INF中创建lib包，导入jstl.jar包和standard.jar包，右击选中add as library

3.导入tomcat包：

点击file，点击setting下面的project structure，选择左侧Libraries，点击+添加java，找到tomcat安装目录的bin目录，选择里面的jsp-api.jar和servlet-api-jar，选择ok

4.部署tomcat

点击右边的edit configurations，点击+，选择tomcat的local，Application server中选择Tomcat的安装目录，在De'ployment中点击添加添加Artfict，将下面的路径改为/，返回Server将两个热部署选择，点击ok

5.创建entity/User.java

在src中创建entity实体类包，创建素材User用来接收数据库数据，通常属性和数据库字段相同

package entity;

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String password;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(Integer id, String name, String password) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

6.创建UserServlet

在src中创建另一个servlet包，创建UserServlet文件，目前没有实现数据库连接

package servlet;

import entity.User;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

@WebServlet(name = "UserServlet")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //准备数据
        ArrayList<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
        User user1 = new User(1,"杨幂","111");
        User user2 = new User(22,"杨幂","111");
        User user3 = new User(333,"杨幂","111");
        list.add(user1);
        list.add(user2);
        list.add(user3);
        //绑定值
        request.setAttribute("list",list);
        //转发代码
        request.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(request,response);
    }

}

7.web.xml

实现servlet文件的添加：

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>servlet.UserServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/UserServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

8.index.jsp

<head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1px solid red" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
    <tr>
        <td>用户id</td>
        <td>用户名称</td>
        <td>用户密码</td>
    </tr>
    //c:forEach迭代标签
    <c:forEach var="user" items="${list}"> //items代表从UserServlet传递来的值，var为临时变量
        <tr>//只需要一行就行，显示数据库中的内容
            <td>${user.id}</td>
            <td>${user.name}</td>
            <td>${user.password}</td>
        </tr>
    </c:forEach>

</table>
</body>
</html>

9.c:if 实现条件判断

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1px solid red" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
    <tr>
        <td>用户id</td>
        <td>用户名称</td>
        <td>用户密码</td>
    </tr>
    <c:forEach var="user" items="${list}">
        <tr>
            <td>${user.id}</td>
                <%--      <td>${user.name}</td>--%>
            <c:if test="${user.name eq '杨幂'}">
                <td>yangmi</td>
            </c:if>
            <td>${user.password}</td>
        </tr>
    </c:forEach>

</table>
</body>
</html>

10：c:choose非此及彼

<c:choose>
  <c:when test="${user.name eq '杨幂'}"><td>yangmi</td></c:when>
  <c:otherwise><td>迪丽热巴</td></c:otherwise>
</c:choose>

结构如上：判断选择

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1px solid red" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
    <tr>
        <td>用户id</td>
        <td>用户名称</td>
        <td>用户密码</td>
    </tr>
    <c:forEach var="user" items="${list}">
        <tr>
            <td>${user.id}</td>
            <c:choose>
              <c:when test="${user.name eq '杨幂'}"><td>yangmi</td></c:when>
              <c:otherwise><td>迪丽热巴</td></c:otherwise>
            </c:choose>
            <td>${user.password}</td>
        </tr>
    </c:forEach>

</table>
</body>
</html>

11.实现连接数据库

package servlet;

import entity.User;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;

@WebServlet(name = "UserServlet")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        //准备数据
//        ArrayList<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
//        User user1 = new User(1,"杨幂","111");
//        User user2 = new User(22,"dilireba","111");
//        User user3 = new User(333,"杨幂","111");
//        list.add(user1);
//        list.add(user2);
//        list.add(user3);

        //访问数据库
        ArrayList<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/work1","root","111");
            ps = conn.prepareStatement("select * from t_student");
            rs = ps.executeQuery();
            while (rs.next()){
                User user = new User(rs.getInt("id"),rs.getString("name"),rs.getString("password"));
                list.add(user);
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                rs.close();
                ps.close();
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        //绑定值
        request.setAttribute("list",list);
        //转发代码
        request.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(request,response);
    }

}

4.增，删，改

增删改主体相同，sql语句不同，查需要调用返回值，略有不同

//加，获取要添加的内容
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//定义连接，方便关闭
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
try {
    //加载驱动
    Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    //创建连接
    conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/work1", "root", "111");
    //填写sql语句
    ps = conn.prepareStatement("insert into t_student(`name`,password) value(?,?)");
    //设置sql语句中的值，1，2为第几个问号
    ps.setObject(1, name);
    ps.setObject(2, password);
    //更新数据库
    ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    //关闭连接，释放资源
    try {
        if (ps != null){
            ps.close();
        }
        if (conn != null){
            conn.close();
        }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
//转发请求
request.getRequestDispatcher("/UServlet?flag=list").forward(request, response);

5.查：

//创建传递的数组
ArrayList<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
//全局变量
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement ps = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
    //加载驱动
    Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    //创建连接
    conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/work1","root","111");
    //sql语句
    ps = conn.prepareStatement("select * from t_student");
    //获取返回值
    rs = ps.executeQuery();
    //遍历塞值
    while (rs.next()){
        User user = new User(rs.getInt("id"),rs.getString("name"),rs.getString("password"));
        list.add(user);
    }
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    try {
        rs.close();
        ps.close();
        conn.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
//绑定request
request.setAttribute("list",list);
//页面转发
request.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(request,response);

6.单个Servlet实现多个页面跳转

关键就是标识：

在访问页面的时候需要添加标识的属性，例如：http://localhost:8080/UServlet?flag=add&...

？是代表绑定数据，&是代表和，绑定多个数据用，里面可以使用id=${user.id}等来实现动态值的传入

package servlet;

import entity.User;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;

@WebServlet(name = "UServlet")
public class UServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String flag = request.getParameter("flag");//获取标识
    	//判断并进入不同的页面
        if (flag.equals("list")){
           

        } else if (flag.equals("add")){
          

        } else if (flag.equals("del")){
           

        } else if (flag.equals("update")){
            
               
        } else if (flag.equals("look")) {
            
        }
    }
}

不同的flag进入不同的模块