HTTP Status 500 - java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.jsp.index_jsp

运行报错：

十一月 21, 2022 3:28:50 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: No Spring WebApplicationInitializer types detected on classpath
十一月 21, 2022 3:28:50 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
信息: Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
十一月 21, 2022 3:28:52 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke
严重: Servlet.service() for servlet [jsp] in context with path [/ssm_maven_war] threw exception [Unable to compile class for JSP: 

An error occurred at line: [31] in the generated java file: [D:\Devtools\IdeaCache\.IntelliJIdea\system\tomcat\ad311d9f-e8f3-475f-9bb3-bcd01776b356\work\Catalina\localhost\ssm_maven_war\org\apache\jsp\index_jsp.java]
The method getJspApplicationContext(ServletContext) is undefined for the type JspFactory

Stacktrace:] with root cause
org.apache.jasper.JasperException: Unable to compile class for JSP: 

An error occurred at line: [31] in the generated java file: [D:\Devtools\IdeaCache\.IntelliJIdea\system\tomcat\ad311d9f-e8f3-475f-9bb3-bcd01776b356\work\Catalina\localhost\ssm_maven_war\org\apache\jsp\index_jsp.java]
The method getJspApplicationContext(ServletContext) is undefined for the type JspFactory

Stacktrace:
	at org.apache.jasper.compiler.DefaultErrorHandler.javacError(DefaultErrorHandler.java:103)
	at org.apache.jasper.compiler.ErrorDispatcher.javacError(ErrorDispatcher.java:366)
	at org.apache.jasper.compiler.JDTCompiler.generateClass(JDTCompiler.java:485)
	at org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:379)
	at org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:354)
	at org.apache.jasper.compiler.Compiler.compile(Compiler.java:341)
	at org.apache.jasper.JspCompilationContext.compile(JspCompilationContext.java:657)
	at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:357)
	at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:395)
	at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:339)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:731)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:505)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:423)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1079)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:620)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2476)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2465)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)

十一月 21, 2022 3:28:52 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke
严重: Servlet.service() for servlet [jsp] in context with path [/ssm_maven_war] threw exception [java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.jsp.index_jsp] with root cause
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.jsp.index_jsp
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:387)
	at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JasperLoader.loadClass(JasperLoader.java:132)
	at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JasperLoader.loadClass(JasperLoader.java:63)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.newInstance(DefaultInstanceManager.java:121)
	at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.getServlet(JspServletWrapper.java:172)
	at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:369)
	at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:395)
	at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:339)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:731)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:505)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:170)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:423)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1079)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:620)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2476)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2465)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)

可能原因：
servlet-api依赖没有指定依赖范围
修改前：

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
    </dependency>

修改后：

<!--添加<scope>provided<scope>-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
	  <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

修改之后正常运行：

provided
已提供依赖范围。使用此依赖范围的Maven依赖，对于编译和测试classpath有效，但在运行时无效（对运行的classpath无效）。典型的例子是 servlet-api, 编译和测试项目的时候需要该依赖，但在运行项目的时候，由于容器已经提供，就不需要Maven重复地引人一遍。既然运行时容器会提供，所以 scope 为 provided 的依赖不会参与项目的打包。

compile
编译依赖范围。如果没有指定，就会默认使用该依赖范围。使用此依赖范围的Maven 依赖，对于编译、测试、运行三种classpath 都有效。典型的例子是spring-core,在编译、测试和运行的时候都需要使用该依赖。