ServletContext对象+Response下载文件

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-24 21:16:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-12-24 21:16:48 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56809927/article/details/119332913

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Structure介绍操作

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("我妹是小可爱");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yl520.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

node.md(提取web.xml中公共代码方便复制)

web.xml
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
        metadata-complete="true">
</web-app>
```

context

web容器在启动的时候，它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表了当前的web应用；

context共享数据

共享数据（在AServlet保存的数据可以在BServlet中拿到）

需要创建一个放置数据的类HelloServlet

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        this.getInitParameter();初始化参数
//        this.getServletConfig();Servlet配置
//        this.getServletContext();上下文
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username="我妹最可爱";
        context.setAttribute("username",username);//将一个数据保存在servletcontext，名字为：username，值为：username

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

需要创建一个读取数据的类GetServlet

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username =(String) context.getAttribute("username");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("谁最可爱"+username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
<!--    <context-param>    this.getInitParameter();初始化参数配置的-->
<!--        <param-name></param-name>-->
<!--        <param-value></param-value>-->
<!--    </context-param>-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yl520.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
<!--        <init-param>   this.getInitParameter();初始化参数配置的-->
<!--            <param-name></param-name>-->
<!--            <param-value></param-value>-->
<!--        </init-param>-->
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getcontext</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yl520.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getcontext</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/getcontext</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

测试结果：

先访问/hello，让HelloServlet放入数据，再访问/getcontext获取数据

ServletContext应用

获取初始化参数

创建类ServletDemo继承HttpServlet

public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

配置web.xml

<!--    配置web应用的初始化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>pa</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yl520.servlet.ServletDemo</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>pa</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/param</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

启动tomcat，弹出后访问/param,得到：

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis

请求转发

创建类继承HttpServlet

public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("我妹最可爱");
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/param");//转发的请求路径
        requestDispatcher.forward(req, resp);//调用forward实现请求转发
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

设置web.xml

<!--    请求转发-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>s4</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yl520.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>s4</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/s4</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

读取资源文件（项目中大量用到）

在java目录下新建properties
在resource目录下新建properties

发现：都被打包到了同一个路径下：classes，我们俗称这个路径为classpath

resource下创建db.properties

username=root
password=root

创建类

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream resource = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(resource);
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().print(username+":"+password);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties（第一个/表示本项目的相对路径）

HttpServletResponse下载文件

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象，代表响应的HttpServletResponse对象；

获取客户端请求过来的参数，找HttpServletRequest
给客户端响应一些信息，找HttpServletResponse

下载文件：

创建类

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取下载文件路径
        String realPath = "D:\\CGBIV4\\CODES\\HelloServlet\\response\\target\\classes\\我妹是小可爱.jpg";
        //下载文件名
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disponsition)下载我们需要的东西
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
        //获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in=new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //创建缓冲区
        int len=0;
        byte[]buffer=new byte[1024];
        //获取outputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
      //将FileOutputStream流写入buffer缓冲区,使用outputstream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端
        while ((len=in.read(buffer))!=-1){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>sl</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.yl520.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>sl</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

插入要下载的文件