使用XML开发JavaWeb,识别相关的Bean

       再开发JavaWeb中,使用servlet的时候,如果方法过多,需要写出许多相同重复的代码。这样不利用代码的简洁性。

因此我们可以利用xml配置的方式,加上反射技术,可以减少大量重复的代码。

之前我们的代码是这样:代码不仅不美观,也不简洁,这只是一个servlet中的代码,如果多个servlet,重复的代码实在是太多了。

@WebServlet("/fruit.do")
public class FruitServlet extends ViewBaseServlet {
    private FruitDAO fruitDAO = new FruitDAOImpl();
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        String operate = request.getParameter("operate");
        if(StringUtil.isEmpty(operate)){
            operate = "index" ;
        }

        switch(operate){
            case "index":
                index(request,response);
                break;
            case "add":
                add(request,response);
                break;
            case "del":
                del(request,response);
                break;
            case "edit":
                edit(request,response);
                break;
            case "update":
                update(request,response);
                break;
            default:
                throw new RuntimeException("operate值非法!");
        }
    }

    private void update(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.设置编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        //2.获取参数
        String fidStr = request.getParameter("fid");
        Integer fid = Integer.parseInt(fidStr);
        String fname = request.getParameter("fname");
        String priceStr = request.getParameter("price");
        int price = Integer.parseInt(priceStr);
        String fcountStr = request.getParameter("fcount");
        Integer fcount = Integer.parseInt(fcountStr);
        String remark = request.getParameter("remark");

        //3.执行更新
        fruitDAO.updateFruit(new Fruit(fid,fname, price ,fcount ,remark ));

        //4.资源跳转
        //super.processTemplate("index",request,response);
        //request.getRequestDispatcher("index.html").forward(request,response);
        //此处需要重定向,目的是重新给IndexServlet发请求,重新获取furitList,然后覆盖到session中,这样index.html页面上显示的session中的数据才是最新的
        response.sendRedirect("fruit.do");
    }


}

现在我们引入一个前端控制器,利用反射技术,来帮助我们找到所要调用的方法

1.在application中配置bean

<beans>
    <!-- 这个bean标签的作用是 将来servletpath中涉及的名字对应的是fruit,那么就要FruitController这个类来处理 -->
    <bean id="fruit" class="com.atguigu.fruit.controllers.FruitController"/>
</beans>

2.配置DispatcherServlet类,这样如果controller类非常多,也可以使代码简洁

@WebServlet("*.do")
public class DispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private Map<String,Object> beanMap = new HashMap<>();

    public DispatcherServlet(){
    }

    public void init(){
  
            InputStream inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("applicationContext.xml");
            //1.创建DocumentBuilderFactory
            DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            //2.创建DocumentBuilder对象
            DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder() ;
            //3.创建Document对象
            Document document = documentBuilder.parse(inputStream);

            //4.获取所有的bean节点
            NodeList beanNodeList = document.getElementsByTagName("bean");
            for(int i = 0 ; i<beanNodeList.getLength() ; i++){
                Node beanNode = beanNodeList.item(i);
                if(beanNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){
                    Element beanElement = (Element)beanNode ;
                    String beanId =  beanElement.getAttribute("id");
                    String className = beanElement.getAttribute("class");
                    Class controllerBeanClass = Class.forName(className);
                    Object beanObj = controllerBeanClass.newInstance() ;
                    Method setServletContextMethod = controllerBeanClass.getDeclaredMethod("setServletContext",ServletContext.class);
                    setServletContextMethod.invoke(beanObj , this.getServletContext());

                    beanMap.put(beanId , beanObj) ;
                }
            }
        } 
    }

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //假设url是:  http://localhost:8080/pro15/hello.do
        //那么servletPath是:    /hello.do
        // 我的思路是:
        // 第1步: /hello.do ->   hello   或者  /fruit.do  -> fruit
        // 第2步: hello -> HelloController 或者 fruit -> FruitController
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        servletPath = servletPath.substring(1);
        int lastDotIndex = servletPath.lastIndexOf(".do") ;
        servletPath = servletPath.substring(0,lastDotIndex);

        Object controllerBeanObj = beanMap.get(servletPath);

        String operate = request.getParameter("operate");
        if(StringUtil.isEmpty(operate)){
            operate = "index" ;
        }

            Method method = controllerBeanObj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(operate,HttpServletRequest.class,HttpServletResponse.class);
            if(method!=null){
                method.setAccessible(true);
                method.invoke(controllerBeanObj,request,response);
            }else{
                throw new RuntimeException("operate值非法!");
            }
        } 
    }
}

如果我们在controller层中,将

 private FruitService fruitService = null ;
我们将无法获取fruitService 实例,一直报空的错误。

因此,我们将继续修改代码,使DAO层和service层的bean 也配置到xml文件中。

如何使获取的fruitService不为空呢,我们需要获取xml文件中的bean,并进行组装。

1.xml文件

 <bean id="fruitDAO" class="com.atguigu.fruit.dao.impl.FruitDAOImpl"/>
    <bean id="fruitService" class="com.atguigu.fruit.service.impl.FruitServiceImpl">
        <!-- property标签用来表示属性;name表示属性名;ref表示引用其他bean的id值-->
        <property name="fruitDAO" ref="fruitDAO"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="fruit" class="com.atguigu.fruit.controllers.FruitController">
        <property name="fruitService" ref="fruitService"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

2.我们新建一个ClassPathXmlApplicationContext 类,将获取bean的代码封装称一个类,简化servlert中的代码

public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements BeanFactory {

    private Map<String,Object> beanMap = new HashMap<>();

    public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(){
            InputStream inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("applicationContext.xml");
            //1.创建DocumentBuilderFactory
            DocumentBuilderFactory documentBuilderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            //2.创建DocumentBuilder对象
            DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = documentBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder() ;
            //3.创建Document对象
            Document document = documentBuilder.parse(inputStream);

            //4.获取所有的bean节点
            NodeList beanNodeList = document.getElementsByTagName("bean");
            for(int i = 0 ; i<beanNodeList.getLength() ; i++){
                Node beanNode = beanNodeList.item(i);
                if(beanNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){
                    Element beanElement = (Element)beanNode ;
                    String beanId =  beanElement.getAttribute("id");
                    String className = beanElement.getAttribute("class");
                    Class beanClass = Class.forName(className);
                    //创建bean实例
                    Object beanObj = beanClass.newInstance() ;
                    //将bean实例对象保存到map容器中
                    beanMap.put(beanId , beanObj) ;
                    //到目前为止,此处需要注意的是,bean和bean之间的依赖关系还没有设置
                }
            }
            //5.组装bean之间的依赖关系
            for(int i = 0 ; i<beanNodeList.getLength() ; i++){
                Node beanNode = beanNodeList.item(i);
                if(beanNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
                    Element beanElement = (Element) beanNode;
                    String beanId = beanElement.getAttribute("id");
                    NodeList beanChildNodeList = beanElement.getChildNodes();
                    for (int j = 0; j < beanChildNodeList.getLength() ; j++) {
                        Node beanChildNode = beanChildNodeList.item(j);
                        if(beanChildNode.getNodeType()==Node.ELEMENT_NODE && "property".equals(beanChildNode.getNodeName())){
                            Element propertyElement = (Element) beanChildNode;
                            String propertyName = propertyElement.getAttribute("name");
                            String propertyRef = propertyElement.getAttribute("ref");
                            //1) 找到propertyRef对应的实例
                            Object refObj = beanMap.get(propertyRef);
                            //2) 将refObj设置到当前bean对应的实例的property属性上去
                            Object beanObj = beanMap.get(beanId);
                            Class beanClazz = beanObj.getClass();
                            //给当前对象的属性赋值
                            Field propertyField = beanClazz.getDeclaredField(propertyName);
                            propertyField.setAccessible(true);
                            propertyField.set(beanObj,refObj);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } 
    }


    @Override
    public Object getBean(String id) {
        return beanMap.get(id);
    }
}

3. DispatcherServlet配置

@WebServlet("*.do")
public class DispatcherServlet extends ViewBaseServlet{

    private BeanFactory beanFactory ;

    public DispatcherServlet(){
    }

    public void init() throws ServletException {
        super.init();
        beanFactory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
    }

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //假设url是:  http://localhost:8080/pro15/hello.do
        //那么servletPath是:    /hello.do
        // 我的思路是:
        // 第1步: /hello.do ->   hello   或者  /fruit.do  -> fruit
        // 第2步: hello -> HelloController 或者 fruit -> FruitController
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        servletPath = servletPath.substring(1);
        int lastDotIndex = servletPath.lastIndexOf(".do") ;
        servletPath = servletPath.substring(0,lastDotIndex);

        Object controllerBeanObj = beanFactory.getBean(servletPath);

        String operate = request.getParameter("operate");
        if(StringUtil.isEmpty(operate)){
            operate = "index" ;
        }

        try {
            Method[] methods = controllerBeanObj.getClass().getDeclaredMethods();
            for(Method method : methods){
                if(operate.equals(method.getName())){
                    //1.统一获取请求参数

                    //1-1.获取当前方法的参数,返回参数数组
                    Parameter[] parameters = method.getParameters();
                    //1-2.parameterValues 用来承载参数的值
                    Object[] parameterValues = new Object[parameters.length];
                    for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
                        Parameter parameter = parameters[i];
                        String parameterName = parameter.getName() ;
                        //如果参数名是request,response,session 那么就不是通过请求中获取参数的方式了
                        if("request".equals(parameterName)){
                            parameterValues[i] = request ;
                        }else if("response".equals(parameterName)){
                            parameterValues[i] = response ;
                        }else if("session".equals(parameterName)){
                            parameterValues[i] = request.getSession() ;
                        }else{
                            //从请求中获取参数值
                            String parameterValue = request.getParameter(parameterName);
                            String typeName = parameter.getType().getName();

                            Object parameterObj = parameterValue ;

                            if(parameterObj!=null) {
                                if ("java.lang.Integer".equals(typeName)) {
                                    parameterObj = Integer.parseInt(parameterValue);
                                }
                            }

                            parameterValues[i] = parameterObj ;
                        }
                    }
                    //2.controller组件中的方法调用
                    method.setAccessible(true);
                    Object returnObj = method.invoke(controllerBeanObj,parameterValues);

                    //3.视图处理
                    String methodReturnStr = (String)returnObj ;
                    if(methodReturnStr.startsWith("redirect:")){        //比如:  redirect:fruit.do
                        String redirectStr = methodReturnStr.substring("redirect:".length());
                        response.sendRedirect(redirectStr);
                    }else{
                        super.processTemplate(methodReturnStr,request,response);    // 比如:  "edit"
                    }
                }
            }

        } 
    }
}

Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(“setUserService”, UserService.class)
第一个参数是方法名,第二个参数是方法参数,传入这两个参数之后,便可以根据方法名和方法参数通过反射获取带有参数的方法method。然后继续执行 method.invoke(Object obj, Object… args),第一个参数为实例对象,第二个参数为实参。总结:通过反射获取方法名,然后invoke方法注入方法对象和实参。

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