文章目录
SpringMVC异常处理机制
1. SpringMVC异常处理
1.1 异常处理的思路
系统中异常包括两类: 预期异常和运行时异常RuntimeException,前者通过捕获异常从而获取异常信息,后
者主要通过规范代码开发、测试等手段减少运行时异常的发生。
系统的Dao、 Service、 Controller出现都通过throws Exception向上抛出,最后由SpringMVC前端控制器交
由异常处理器进行异常处理,如下图:
1.2 异常处理两种方式
使用Spring MVC提供的简单异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
实现Spring的异常处理接口HandlerExceptionResolver 自定义自己的异常处理器
1.2.1 简单异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
SpringMVC已经定义好了该类型转换器,在使用时可以根据项目情况进行相应异常与视图的映射配置
spring-mvc.xml
<!--1、mvc注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--2、配置视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--3、静态资源权限开放-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--4、组件扫描 扫描Controller-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.raphuscucullatus.controller"/>
<!--
异常处理器(SimpleMappingExceptionResolver):产生异常后跳转到相应的异常展示页面
key:异常全路径名
value: 异常页面路径(视图解析器会添加相应前后缀)
-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<!--<property name="defaultErrorView" value="error"></property>-->
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<map>
<entry key="java.lang.ClassCastException" value="classCastException"/>
<entry key="com.raphuscucullatus.exception.MyException" value="myException"/>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
myException.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: pw
Date: 2021/9/24
Time: 11:25
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
我的异常
</body>
</html>
异常
package com.raphuscucullatus.exception;
public class MyException extends Exception {
}
测试用例
package com.raphuscucullatus.controller;
import com.raphuscucullatus.exception.MyException;
import com.raphuscucullatus.service.DemoService;
import com.raphuscucullatus.exception.MyException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
@Controller
public class DemoController {
@Autowired
private DemoService demoService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/show")
public String show() throws FileNotFoundException, MyException {
System.out.println("show running......");
throw new MyException();
return "index";
}
}
1.2.2 自定义异常处理步骤
① 创建异常处理器类实现HandlerExceptionResolver
package com.raphuscucullatus.resolver;
import com.raphuscucullatus.exception.MyException;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 自定义异常处理器
* @author raphus cucullatus
* @version 2021/9/24 18:25
* @since JDK8
*/
public class ExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
/**
*
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param ex 异常对象
* @return 对应异常视图
*/
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
if (ex instanceof MyException){
modelAndView.addObject("exception","我的异常");
}else if (ex instanceof ClassCastException){
modelAndView.addObject("exception","类转换异常");
}
modelAndView.setViewName("customException");
return modelAndView;
}
}
② 配置异常处理器
<!--
自定义异常处理
-->
<bean class="com.raphuscucullatus.resolver.ExceptionResolver"></bean>
③ 编写异常页面
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: pw
Date: 2021/9/24
Time: 18:44
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
异常类型:"${exception}"
</body>
</html>
④ 测试异常跳转
异常类型:"我的异常"