十大排序算法之八：计数排序

漫画：什么是计数排序？

1 计数排序

1.1 原理

局限性：

• 当数列最大最小值差距过大时，并不适用计数排序。
• 当数列元素不是整数，并不适用计数排序。

注意实现稳定性。

1.2 实现

import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * 计数排序
 *
 * @author wgm
 * @since 2021/4/18
 */
public class CountSort {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] ints = {99, 100, -30, 0, 99, 2, -2, -15, 2, 2, 333, 666, 999, 27, 22, 13, 8, 7, 2, -30};
        System.out.println("排序前：" + Arrays.toString(ints));
        System.out.println("排序后：" + Arrays.toString(countSort(ints)));
    }

    private static int[] countSort(int[] ints) {
        if (ints == null || ints.length <= 1) {
            return ints;
        }

        // 桶的初始化
        int min = getMin(ints);
        int max = getMax(ints);
        final int bucketSize = max - (min - 1); // 桶的个数
        int[] countList = new int[bucketSize];

        // 统计数据存入桶中
        for (int i = 0; i < ints.length; i++) {
            int index = ints[i] - min;
            countList[index]++;
        }

        // 统计数据的变形，为了稳定性
        int sum = 0; // 前面所有统计数据之和
        for (int i = 0; i < countList.length; i++) {
            countList[i] += sum;
            sum = countList[i];
        }

        // 读取各个桶中元素
        int[] result = new int[ints.length];
        for (int i = ints.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            int index = ints[i] - min;
            int rank = countList[index]--;
            result[rank - 1] = ints[i];
        }
        return result;
    }

    private static int getMin(int[] ints) {
        int min = ints[0];
        for (int i = 1; i <= ints.length - 1; i++) {
            if (ints[i] < min) {
                min = ints[i];
            }
        }
        return min;
    }

    private static int getMax(int[] ints) {
        int max = ints[0];
        for (int i = 1; i <= ints.length - 1; i++) {
            if (ints[i] > max) {
                max = ints[i];
            }
        }
        return max;
    }
}

1.3 测试

D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\bin\java.exe -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:64421,suspend=y,server=n "-javaagent:C:\Users\GMWANG~1\AppData\Local\Temp\captureAgent732jars\debugger-agent.jar" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\program\Java\jdk1.8.0_241\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\project\untitled\out\production\untitled;D:\program\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1\lib\idea_rt.jar" CountingSort
Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:64421', transport: 'socket'
排序前：[99, 100, -30, 0, 99, 2, -2, -15, 2, 2, 333, 666, 999, 27, 22, 13, 8, 7, 2, -30]
排序后：[-30, -30, -15, -2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 7, 8, 13, 22, 27, 99, 99, 100, 333, 666, 999]
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:64421', transport: 'socket'

Process finished with exit code 0