什么是枚举类:类的对象只有有限个,且是确定的
如何定义枚举类?
方式一:JDK5.0之前,自定义枚举类
步骤:
-
私有化类的构造器,保证不能在类的外部创建其对象
-
在类的内部创建枚举类的实例。声明为:public static final
-
对象如果有实例变量,应该声明为private final,并且在构造器中初始化
示例:
public class SeasonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season spring = Season.SPRING;
System.out.println(spring);
}
}
//自定义枚举类
class Season {
//1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
//3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象:public static final的
public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "Spring");
public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "Summer");
public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "Autumn");
public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "Winter");
//4.其他诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
//4.其他诉求2:提供toString()
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Season{" +
"seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
方式二:JDK5.0及其以后,可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类
步骤:
-
使用enum关键字定义枚举类
-
声明对象属性,使用private final修饰
-
私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
-
提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象;结束
示例:
public class SeasonTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER;
System.out.println(summer);
System.out.println("**********************");
Season1[] values = Season1.values();
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
System.out.println(values[i]);
values[i].show();
}
Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
System.out.println(winter);
winter.show();
}
}
interface Info {
void show();
}
//使用enum关键字
enum Season1 implements Info {
//3.提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用“,”隔开,末尾对象;结束
SPRING("春天", "Spring") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("where arr you");
}
},
SUMMER("夏天", "Summer") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("i miss you");
}
},
AUTUMN("秋天", "Autumn") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("i want to be with you");
}
},
WINTER("冬天", "Winter") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("i want you");
}
};
//1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
//4.其他诉求1:获取枚举类对象的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
//4.其他诉求2:提供toString()
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Season1{" +
"seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
'}';
}
/* @Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("this is a season");
}*/
}
enum类中的常用方法:
-
values():返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以方便地遍历所有的枚举值
-
valueOf(String str):可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的“名字”。
-
toString():返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称
enum使用说明:
-
使用enum定义的枚举类默认继承了java.lang.Enum类,因此不能再继承其他类
-
枚举类的构造器只能使用private权限修饰符
-
必须在枚举类的第一行声明枚举类对象