目录
一、创建对象的方式有哪些?*****
1.创建单个对象
字面量 var obj = {}
构造函数 var obj = new Object()
2.创建多个对象
(1)工厂函数模式
(2)构造函数模式
(3)原型模式(不单独使用)
(4)组合模式 2+3结合体
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new关键字做了什么?
(1)创建一个实例对象
(2)将this指向实例对象
(3)执行函数体
(4)返回实例对象
二、四种设计模式
1.工厂函数模式
工厂函数模式 -为了批量创建对象
优点:可以批量创建对象 降低代码冗余量
缺点:无法区分种类 全部是Object的实例 方法冗余
var sayName = function(){
console.log(this.name)
};//b1003
// sayName(); undefined
function person(name,age,gender){
// var obj = new Object();//{}
// obj.name = name;
// obj.age = age;
// return obj;//{}
return {
name:name,
age:age,
gender:gender,
sayName:sayName
}
}
var p1 = person('zhangsan',12,'male');
var p2 = person('lisi',15,'female');
console.log(p1,p2);
p1.sayName();
p2.sayName();
console.log(p1.sayName === p2.sayName);
运行结果:
{
name: 'zhangsan',
age: 12,
gender: 'male',
sayName: [Function: sayName]
} {
name: 'lisi',
age: 15,
gender: 'female',
sayName: [Function: sayName]
}
zhangsan
lisi
true
2.构造函数模式
优点:可以区分种类 可以批量创建对象
缺点:方法冗余
instanceof ——判断当前实例对象是否处在原型链上 ,判断是否是某一个构造函数的实例对象
var sayName = function(){
console.log(this.name)
}
function Person(name,age,gender){
/**
* 使用new关键字js做了些什么事情*****
* 1.创建一个实例对象 p1 Person {}
* 2.将this 指向实例对象 this --->p1 p2 this --->p1{}
* 3.执行函数体 p1.name = 'terry'
* 4.返回实例对象 return p1{}
*/
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.gender = gender;
this.sayName = sayName;
}
var p1 = new Person('terry',12,'male');
var p2 = new Person('larry',18,'female');
console.log(p1,p2);
p1.sayName();
p2.sayName();
console.log(p1.sayName === p2.sayName);
/**
* instanceof 判断当前实例对象是否处在原型链上
* 判断是否是某一个构造函数的实例对象
*/
console.log(p1 instanceof Person);
console.log(p2 instanceof Person);
console.log(p1 instanceof Object);
console.log(p2 instanceof Object);
console.log(Person instanceof Object);
运行结果:
Person {
name: 'terry',
age: 12,
gender: 'male',
sayName: [Function: sayName]
} Person {
name: 'larry',
age: 18,
gender: 'female',
sayName: [Function: sayName]
}
terry
larry
true
true
true
true
true
true
3.原型模式(不单独使用)
将实例所有属性和方法全部放在原型对象中 构造函数内部不放任何属性和方法
优点:解决了方法冗余 批量创建对象
缺点:所有实例属性和方法全部是一样
function Person(){
/**
* 1.创建实例对象
* 2.this--->实例对象
* 3.执行函数体
* 4.返回实例对象
*/
};
// Person.prototype.name='lisi';
// Person.prototype.age=12;
// Person.prototype.gender='male';
// Person.prototype.sayName = function(){
// console.log(this.name)
// }
console.log(Person.prototype);
console.log(Person.prototype.constructor);
Person.prototype = {
//手动将构造者改为Person
constructor:Person,
name:'lisi',
age:12,
gender:'male',
sayName:function(){
console.log(this.name)
}
}
console.log(Person.prototype);
console.log(Person.prototype.constructor);//constructor 指向Object
Person.prototype.friends = [];
var p1 = new Person();
var p2 = new Person();
console.log(p1.constructor,p2.constructor)
// console.log(p1,p2);
// console.log(p1.name,p2.name);
// console.log(p1.sayName === p2.sayName);
p1.friends.push('tom');
// console.log(p1.friends,p2.friends);
运行结果:
{}
[Function: Person]
{
constructor: [Function: Person],
name: 'lisi',
age: 12,
gender: 'male',
sayName: [Function: sayName]
}
[Function: Person]
[Function: Person] [Function: Person]
4.组合模式( 原型模式 + 构造函数模式)
将实例私有属性和方法全部放在构造函数种,将实例公共属性和方法全部放在原型对象中
优点:批量创建对象 区分种类 解决方法冗余
instanceof ——判断当前实例对象是否是某一个构造函数的实例,判断当前实例是否处在原型链 true false
function Person(name,age,gender){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.gender = gender;
this.friends = [];
}
Person.prototype = {
constructor:Person,
sayName:function(){
console.log(this.name)
}
}
var p1 = new Person('terry',12,'male');
var p2 = new Person('larry',15,'female');
console.log(p1,p2);
p1.friends.push('tom');
console.log(p1,p2);
console.log(p1.sayName === p2.sayName);
//所有构造函数都是Object子类型 都在Object这条原型链
console.log(p1 instanceof Person);
console.log(p1 instanceof Object);
console.log(Person instanceof Object);
var arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
console.log(arr instanceof Object);
console.log(arr instanceof Array);
console.log(arr instanceof Person);
运行结果:
Person { name: 'terry', age: 12, gender: 'male', friends: [] } Person { name:
'larry', age: 15, gender: 'female', friends: [] }
Person { name: 'terry', age: 12, gender: 'male', friends: [ 'tom' ] } Person { name: 'larry', age: 15, gender: 'female', friends: [] }
true
true
true
true
true
true
false