Predicate接口
一、Predicate接口
百度for谓词 Predicate :用来代替或者展示其客体性质、特征或者客体之间关系的词项。根据《现代汉语》的定义,汉语的体词包括名词,数词,量词;汉语的谓词可以包括一切的例句。
百度for客体: 意思是指存在于主体之外的客观事物。也就是客观的描述,描述他是什么,例如有个数,你描述它是大于五的,其实这个数是不是大于5的还不知道。具体这个主体数是啥还得看你用什么进行填充。
举例:
"猫是动物"一句中的"是"就是一个谓词,而"猫"是客体。 “3 大于 2"中"大于"是一个谓词。
表示某个确定判定的谓词称为谓词常项。如上述两个谓词"是”、“大于”。
1、是什么?
- 它是一个布尔值的函数接口
- Predicate这个单词的英语含义是断言(假设)
boolean值非真既假,可以说是断言,例如 x -> x>4 ,断言当前这个对象要大于4.正如上面的猫是动物,x -> x=动物,x代表各种东西,如果你的x是猪,那猪是动物,就是对的,这个predicate也就是客体,
2、为什么?
Java语言也是一种语言,语言就是用来表达的,你谓词这个也是语言中的一种语法词,用它去表达你用Java语言要表达的意思,例如某个是什么,这个对主体的客观描述就用这个predicate函数接口。
3、怎么样?
Predicate<String> isUserNameValid = u -> u != null && u.length() > 5 && u.length() < 10;
T是泛型,看你传入什么作为对象去操作,这里是Strng ,也就是操作字符串。断言这字符串怎么样,写相关条件。
这个T,以前听课程入门的时候,有听到老师是把它类比为猪肉,羊肉,牛肉等,这样去举例,也就是去断言,描述这个猪肉,你说这个猪肉是烂的 ,x -> x = 烂,那它可不一定是烂的,这个predicate就有个判断的行为,test,传进入一个好猪肉,那它就返回了false,表示你的断言错误,还有好几个其他的功能性方法。
所以对于以上java代码的解释就是,将u比喻为一块猪肉,u!=null 可觉得是此猪肉是否是烂的, && 长度是否大于5厘米和长度是否在10厘米之内。
二、功能性方法
1、test(T t)
test是Predicate的功能方法。它在给定的参数上评估这个谓词。
例1:
PredicateTestDemo001.java
import java.util.function.Predicate;
public class PredicateTestDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Is username valid
Predicate<String> isUserNameValid = u -> u != null && u.length() > 5 && u.length() < 10;
System.out.println(isUserNameValid.test("guozebiao")); //true
// Is password valid
Predicate<String> isPasswordValid = p -> p != null && p.length() > 8 && p.length() < 15;
System.out.println(isPasswordValid.test("guozebiao123")); //true
// Word match
Predicate<String> isWordMatched = s -> s.startsWith("Mr.");
System.out.println(isWordMatched.test("Mr. guozb")); //true
//Odd numbers
Predicate<Integer> isEven = n -> n % 2 == 0;
for(int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++) {
System.out.println("Is "+ i + " even: " + isEven.test(i));
}
}
}
输出结果:
true
true
true
Is 0 even: true
Is 1 even: false
Is 2 even: true
Is 3 even: false
Is 4 even: true
例2:
PredicateTestDemo2.java
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
public class PredicateTestDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args){
Predicate<Student> maleStudent = s-> s.getAge() >= 20 && "male".equals(s.getGender());
Predicate<Student> femaleStudent = s-> s.getAge() > 18 && "female".equals(s.getGender());
// ---
Function<Student,String> maleStyle = s-> "Hi, You are male and age "+s.getAge();
Function<Student,String> femaleStyle = s-> "Hi, You are female and age "+ s.getAge();
// ---
Student s1 = new Student("Gauri", 20,"female");
if(maleStudent.test(s1)){
System.out.println(s1.customShow(maleStyle));
}else if(femaleStudent.test(s1)){
System.out.println(s1.customShow(femaleStyle));
}
}
结果: Hi, You are female and age 20
2、and
2.1 说明
and是Predicate的默认方法,它返回一个组成的谓词,表示这个谓词和其他谓词的短路逻辑AND。在评估组成的谓词时,**如果这个谓词是假的,那么其他谓词将不会被评估。**在错误的情况下,如果此谓词抛出错误,那么其他谓词将不会被评估。
PredicateAndDemo.java
import java.util.function.Predicate;
public class PredicateAndDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Predicate<Student> isMaleStudent = s -> s.getAge() >= 20 && "male".equals(s.getGender());
Predicate<Student> isFemaleStudent = s -> s.getAge() > 18 && "female".equals(s.getGender());
Predicate<Student> isStudentPassed = s -> s.getMarks() >= 33;
// Testing if male student passed.
Student student1 = new Student("Mahesh", 22, "male", 30);
Boolean result = isMaleStudent.and(isStudentPassed).test(student1);
System.out.println(result); //false
// Testing if female student passed.
Student student2 = new Student("Gauri", 19, "female", 40);
result = isFemaleStudent.and(isStudentPassed).test(student2);
System.out.println(result); //true
}
}
3、or
3.1 说明
or是Predicate的默认方法,它返回一个组成的谓词,表示此谓词和其他谓词的短路逻辑OR。在评估组成的谓词时,如果此谓词为真,那么其他谓词将不会被评估。在错误的情况下,如果此谓词抛出错误,那么其他谓词将不会被评估。
3.2 例子
PredicateOrDemo.java
import java.util.function.Predicate;
public class PredicateOrDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Predicate<Student> isMaleStudent = s -> s.getAge() >= 20 && "male".equals(s.getGender());
Predicate<Student> isFemaleStudent = s -> s.getAge() > 18 && "female".equals(s.getGender());
Predicate<Student> isStudentPassed = s -> s.getMarks() >= 33;
// ---
Student student1 = new Student("Mahesh", 22, "male", 35);
//Test either male or female student
Boolean result = isMaleStudent.or(isFemaleStudent).test(student1);
System.out.println(result); //true
//Is student passed, too
result = isMaleStudent.or(isFemaleStudent).and(isStudentPassed).test(student1);
System.out.println(result); //true
}
}
4、negate()
4.1 说明
negate是Predicate的默认方法,它返回一个表示该谓词的逻辑否定的谓词。如果评估的结果是真的,negate将使它变成假的,如果评估的结果是假的,negate将使它变成真的。
4.2 例子
PredicateNegateDemo.java
import java.util.function.Predicate;
public class PredicateNegateDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Predicate<Integer> isNumberMatched = n -> n > 10 && n < 20;
//With negate()
Boolean result = isNumberMatched.negate().test(15);
System.out.println(result); //false
//Without negate()
result = isNumberMatched.test(15);
System.out.println(result); //true
// ---
Predicate<String> isValidName = s -> s.length() > 5 && s.length() < 15;
System.out.println(isValidName.negate().test("Krishna")); //false
// ----
Predicate<Integer> isLessThan50 = n -> n < 50;
System.out.println(isLessThan50.negate().test(60)); //true
// ----
Predicate<Integer> isGreaterThan20 = n -> n > 20;
System.out.println(isGreaterThan20.negate().test(30)); //false
// ----
result = isLessThan50.and(isGreaterThan20).negate().test(25);
System.out.println(result); //false
}
}
5、isEqual
5.1 说明
isEqual是Predicate的静态方法,它返回测试两个参数是否等于Objects.equals(Object,
Object)的谓词。我们使用Predicate.isEqual创建predicate,如下所示。
Predicate<String> isHelloMsg = Predicate.isEqual("Hello");
Predicate<Book> isMahabharatBook = Predicate.isEqual(new Book("Mahabharat", "Vyas"));
5.2 例子
PredicateIsEqualDemo.java
import java.util.function.Predicate;
public class PredicateIsEqualDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("---Testing Hello message---");
Predicate<String> isHelloMsg = Predicate.isEqual("Hello");
System.out.println(isHelloMsg.test("Hello")); //true
System.out.println(isHelloMsg.test("Hi")); //false
// ----
System.out.println("---Testing Mahabharat book---");
Book mahabharatBook = new Book("Mahabharat", "Vyas");
Predicate<Book> isMahabharatBook = Predicate.isEqual(mahabharatBook);
System.out.println(isMahabharatBook.test(new Book("Mahabharat", "Vyas"))); //true
System.out.println(isMahabharatBook.test(new Book("Ramayan", "Valmiki"))); //false
}
}
class Book {
private String name;
private String writer;
public Book(String name, String writer) {
this.name = name;
this.writer = writer;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public String getWriter() {
return writer;
}
public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
if (obj == null) {
return false;
}
final Book b = (Book) obj;
if (this == b) {
return true;
} else {
return (this.name.equals(b.name) && (this.writer == b.writer));
}
}
}
三、常用举例使用
在Stream流中使用Predicate
我们使用Stream.filter来过滤列表。
filter()的语法如下。
filter(Predicate predicate)
filter()在处理给定的Predicate后,返回由过滤后的数据组成的Stream实例。
例1:
PredicateStreamDemo1.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
public class PredicateStreamDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Vijay");
list.add("Ramesh");
list.add("Mahesh");
// ---
Predicate<String> isNameEndsWithSh = s -> s.endsWith("sh");
// ---
list.stream().filter(isNameEndsWithSh)
.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
}
输出:
Ramesh
Mahesh
例2:
PredicateStreamDemo2.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
public class PredicateStreamDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(new Student("Mahesh", 20, "male", 38));
list.add(new Student("Gauri", 21, "female", 45));
list.add(new Student("Krishna", 19, "male", 42));
list.add(new Student("Radha", 20, "female", 35));
System.out.println("--- All students scoring marks > 40 ---");
Predicate<Student> isScoreGt40 = std -> std.getMarks() > 40;
filterStudent(isScoreGt40, list).forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--- All Male Students ---");
Predicate<Student> isMaleStudent = std -> "male".equals(std.getGender());
filterStudent(isMaleStudent, list).forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--- All Female Students ---");
Predicate<Student> isFemaleStudent = std -> "female".equals(std.getGender());
filterStudent(isFemaleStudent, list).forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("--- All Female Students scoring > 40 ---");
filterStudent(isFemaleStudent.and(isScoreGt40), list).forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));
}
static List<Student> filterStudent(Predicate<Student> predicate, List<Student> list) {
return list.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
}
结果:
— All students scoring marks > 40 —
Gauri - 21 - female - 45
Krishna - 19 - male - 42
— All Male Students —
Mahesh - 20 - male - 38
Krishna - 19 - male - 42
— All Female Students —
Gauri - 21 - female - 45
Radha - 20 - female - 35
— All Female Students scoring > 40 —
Gauri - 21 - female - 45
如有侵权请告知删除。