MySQL多表查询

-- 创建dept表,并插入数据
create table dept
(
    id   int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
    name varchar(50) not null comment '部门名称'
) comment '部门表';

INSERT INTO dept (id, name)
VALUES (1, '研发部'),
       (2, '市场部'),
       (3, '财务部'),
       (4, '销售部'),
       (5, '总经办'),
       (6, '人事部');

-- 创建emp表,并插入数据
create table emp
(
    id        int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key,
    name      varchar(50) not null comment '姓名',
    age       int comment '年龄',
    job       varchar(20) comment '职位',
    salary    int comment '薪资',
    entrydate date comment '入职时间',
    managerid int comment '直属领导ID',
    dept_id   int comment '部门ID'
) comment '员工表';

-- 添加外键
alter table emp
    add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references dept (id);

INSERT INTO emp (id, name, age, job, salary, entrydate, managerid, dept_id)
VALUES (1, '金庸', 66, '总裁', 20000, '2000-01-01', null, 5),
       (2, '张无忌', 20, '项目经理', 12500, '2005-12-05', 1, 1),
       (3, '杨逍', 33, '开发', 8400, '2000-11-03', 2, 1),
       (4, '韦一笑', 48, '开发', 11000, '2002-02-05', 2, 1),
       (5, '常遇春', 43, '开发', 10500, '2004-09-07', 3, 1),
       (6, '小昭', 19, '程序员鼓励师', 6600, '2004-10-12', 2, 1),
       (7, '灭绝', 60, '财务总监', 8500, '2002-09-12', 1, 3),
       (8, '周芷若', 19, '会计', 48000, '2006-06-02', 7, 3),
       (9, '丁敏君', 23, '出纳', 5250, '2009-05-13', 7, 3),
       (10, '赵敏', 20, '市场部总监', 12500, '2004-10-12', 1, 2),
       (11, '鹿杖客', 56, '职员', 3750, '2006-10-03', 10, 2),
       (12, '鹤笔翁', 19, '职员', 3750, '2007-05-09', 10, 2),
       (13, '方东白', 19, '职员', 5500, '2009-02-12', 10, 2),
       (14, '张三丰', 88, '销售总监', 14000, '2004-10-12', 1, 4),
       (15, '俞莲舟', 38, '销售', 4600, '2004-10-12', 14, 4),
       (16, '宋远桥', 40, '销售', 4600, '2004-10-12', 14, 4),
       (17, '陈友谅', 42, null, 2000, '2011-10-12', 1, null);

select *
from emp,
     dept
where emp.dept_id = dept.id;

# 内连接(两表交集)
# 查询每一个员工的姓名,及关联的部门的名称
# 1.隐式内连接实现
select e.name,
       d.name
from emp e,
     dept d
where e.dept_id = d.id;

# 2.显式内连接实现
select e.name,
       d.name
from emp e
         inner join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id; # inner可省略

select e.name,
       d.name
from emp e
         join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;

# 外连接
# 查询emp表的所有数据,和对应的部门信息(左外连接)
select e.*,
       d.name
from emp e
         left outer join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id; # outer可省略

select e.*,
       d.name
from emp e
         left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;

# 查询dept表的所有数据,和对应的员工信息(右外连接)
select d.*,
       e.*
from emp e
         right outer join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id; # outer可省略

select d.*,
       e.*
from emp e
         right join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;

# 自连接
# 1.查询员工及其所属领导的名字
select e.name       '员工',
       manager.name '领导'
from emp e
         join emp manager on e.managerid = manager.id;

# 2.查询所有员工及其领导的名字,员工没有领导也要查出来
select e.name       '员工',
       manager.name '领导'
from emp e
         left join emp manager on e.managerid = manager.id;

# 联合查询,多张表的列数必须保持一致,字段类型也要保持一致
# union,union all
# 将薪资低于5000的员工和年龄大于50的员工全部查询出来
select *
from emp
where salary < 5000
union all
# union all 直接合并,不去重
select *
from emp
where age > 50;

select *
from emp
where salary < 5000
union
# union 对合并后的数据去重
select *
from emp
where age > 50;

# 子查询
# 1.标量子查询:子查询返回的结果是单个值(数字、字符串、日期等),常用的操作符:= <> > >= < <=
# 1.查询“销售部”的所有员工信息
# a.查询“销售部”部门id
select id
from dept
where name = '销售部';
# b.根据“销售部”部门id,查询员工信息
select *
from emp
where dept_id = (select id
                 from dept
                 where name = '销售部');

# 使用左外连接也可以做到
select e.*
from emp e
         left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id
where d.name = '销售部';

# 2.查询在“方东白”入职之后的员工信息
# a.查询“方东白”入职时间
select entrydate
from emp
where name = '方东白';
# b.查询在此时间之后入职的员工信息
select *
from emp
where entrydate > (select entrydate
                   from emp
                   where name = '方东白');

# 使用自连接也可以做到
select e1.*
from emp e1
         left join emp e2 on e1.entrydate > e2.entrydate
where e2.name = '方东白';

# 2.列子查询:子查询返回的结果是一列(可以是多行)
# 常用的操作符:IN 、NOT IN 、 ANY(子查询返回列表中,有任意一个满足即可) 、SOME(同ANY) 、 ALL(子查询返回列表的所有值都必须满足)
# 1.查询“销售部”和“市场部”的所有员工信息
# a.查询“销售部”和“市场部”的部门id
select id
from dept
where name in ('销售部', '市场部');
# b.根据部门id,查询员工信息
select *
from emp
where dept_id in (select id
                  from dept
                  where name in ('销售部', '市场部'));

# 2.查询比财务部所有人工资都高的员工信息
# a.查询财务部所有人员工资

# a.1:查询财务部id
select id
from dept
where name = '财务部';
# a.2:查询财务部所有人员工资
select salary
from emp
where dept_id = (select id
                 from dept
                 where name = '财务部');

# b.查询比财务部所有人工资都高的员工信息
select *
from emp
where salary > all ((select salary
                     from emp
                     where dept_id = (select id
                                      from dept
                                      where name = '财务部')));


# 3.查询比研发部其中任意一人工资高的员工信息
# a.1:查询研发部id
select id
from dept
where name = '研发部';
# a.2:查询研发部员工工资
select salary
from emp
where dept_id = (select id
                 from dept
                 where name = '研发部');

# b.查询比研发部其中任意一人工资高的员工信息
select *
from emp
where salary > any (select salary
                    from emp
                    where dept_id = (select id
                                     from dept
                                     where name = '研发部'));
select *
from emp
where salary > some (select salary
                     from emp
                     where dept_id = (select id
                                      from dept
                                      where name = '研发部'));

# 行子查询:子查询返回的结果是一行(可以是多列)
# 常用的操作符:= 、<> 、IN 、NOT IN

# 查询与"张无忌"的薪资及直属领导相同的员工信息
# a.查询"张无忌"的薪资及直属领导id
select salary, managerid
from emp
where name = '张无忌';

# b.查询与"张无忌"的薪资及直属领导相同的员工信息
select *
from emp
where (salary, managerid) = (select salary, managerid
                             from emp
                             where name = '张无忌');



# 表子查询:子查询返回的结果是多行多列
# 常用的操作符:IN
# 1.查询与鹿杖客、宋远桥的职位和薪资相同的员工信息
# a.查询鹿杖客、宋远桥的职位和薪资
select job, salary
from emp
where name in ('鹿杖客', '宋远桥');
# b.查询与鹿杖客、宋远桥的职位和薪资相同的员工信息
select *
from emp
where (job, salary) in (select job, salary
                        from emp
                        where name in ('鹿杖客', '宋远桥'));

# 2.查询入职日期是'2006-01-01'之后的员工信息,及其部门信息
# a.查询入职日期是'2006-01-01'之后的员工信息
select *
from emp
where entrydate > '2006-01-01';

# b.查询入职日期是'2006-01-01'之后的员工信息,及其部门信息
select *
from (select *
      from emp
      where entrydate > '2006-01-01') e
         left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;

# 另一种写法
with e as (select *
           from emp
           where entrydate > '2006-01-01')
select *
from e
         left join dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;

# 多表查询练习
create table salgrade
(
    grade int,
    losal int,
    hisal int
) comment '薪资等级表';
insert into salgrade
values (1, 0, 3000);
insert into salgrade
values (2, 3001, 5000);
insert into salgrade
values (3, 5001, 8000);
insert into salgrade
values (4, 8001, 10000);
insert into salgrade
values (5, 10001, 15000);
insert into salgrade
values (6, 15001, 20000);
insert into salgrade
values (7, 20001, 25000);
insert into salgrade
values (8, 25001, 30000);

# 1.查询员工的姓名、年龄、职位、部门信息 (隐式内连接)
select e.name,
       e.age,
       e.job,
       d.name
from emp e,
     dept d
where e.dept_id = d.id;

# 2.查询年龄小于30岁的员工的姓名、年龄、职位、部门信息(显式内连接)
select e.name,
       e.age,
       e.job,
       d.name
from emp e
         join dept d on d.id = e.dept_id
where e.age < 30;

# 3.查询拥有员工的部门ID、部门名称
select distinct d.*
from dept d
         join emp e on d.id = e.dept_id;

# 4.查询所有年龄大于40岁的员工, 及其归属的部门名称;
# 如果员工没有分配部门, 也需要展示出来(外连接)
select e.*,
       d.name
from emp e
         left join dept d on d.id = e.dept_id
where age > 40;

# 5.查询所有员工的工资等级
select e.*,
       s.grade,
       s.losal,
       s.hisal
from emp e,
     salgrade s
where e.salary >= s.losal
  and e.salary <= s.hisal;

select e.*,
       s.grade,
       s.losal,
       s.hisal
from emp e,
     salgrade s
where e.salary between s.losal and s.hisal;

# 6.查询 "研发部" 所有员工的信息及工资等级
# 先查询研发部所有员工信息
select e.*
from emp e
         join dept d on d.id = e.dept_id
where d.name = '研发部';

# 再查询 "研发部" 所有员工的信息及工资等级
select distinct e.*
from (select e.*
      from emp e
               join dept d on d.id = e.dept_id
      where d.name = '研发部') e,
     salgrade s
where e.salary <= s.losal
  and e.salary <= s.hisal;

# 新玩法
with e as (select e.*
           from emp e
                    join dept d on d.id = e.dept_id
           where d.name = '研发部')
select distinct e.*
from e,
     salgrade s
where e.salary <= s.losal
  and e.salary <= s.hisal;

select e.*,
       s.grade
from emp e
         join dept d on d.id = e.dept_id
         join salgrade s on e.salary >= s.losal and e.salary <= s.hisal
where d.name = '研发部';

select *
from emp e,
     dept d,
     salgrade s
where e.dept_id = d.id
  and (e.salary >= s.losal and e.salary <= s.hisal)
  and d.name = '研发部';

# 7.查询 "研发部" 员工的平均工资
select avg(salary)
from emp e
         join dept d on d.id = e.dept_id
where d.name = '研发部';

select avg(salary)
from emp e,
     dept d
where d.id = e.dept_id
  and d.name = '研发部';

# 8.查询工资比 "灭绝" 高的员工信息
# 查询灭绝的工资
select salary
from emp e
where e.name = '灭绝';

select *
from emp e
where e.salary > (select salary
                  from emp e
                  where e.name = '灭绝');

with miejue as (select salary
                from emp
                where name = '灭绝')
select *
from emp e,
     miejue
where e.salary > miejue.salary;

with miejue as (select salary
                from emp
                where name = '灭绝')
select *
from emp e
         join miejue
              on e.salary > miejue.salary;


# 9.查询比平均薪资高的员工信息
# 查询员工的平均工资
select avg(salary)
from emp;
# 查询比平均薪资高的员工信息
select *
from emp e
where e.salary > (select avg(salary)
                  from emp);

with avg as (select avg(salary) avg
             from emp)
select *
from emp e,
     avg
where e.salary > avg.avg;

# 10.查询低于本部门平均工资的员工信息
# 查询指定部门的平局薪资
select avg(e.salary)
from emp e
where e.dept_id = 1;

# 查询低于本部门平均工资的员工信息
select *
from emp e2
where e2.salary < (select avg(e.salary)
                   from emp e
                   where e.dept_id = e2.dept_id);

# 11.查询所有的部门信息, 并统计部门的员工人数
# 查询所有的部门信息
select *
from dept;

# 统计部门的员工人数
select e.dept_id, count(*)
from emp e
group by e.dept_id;

select d.*,
       ifnull(e.count, 0) '人数'
from dept d
         left join (select dept_id, count(*) count
                    from emp
                    group by dept_id) e
                   on d.id = e.dept_id;

with num as (select dept_id, count(*) count
             from emp
             group by dept_id)
select d.*,
       ifnull(num.count, 0) '人数'
from dept d
         left join num
                   on d.id = num.dept_id;

select count(*) '人数'
from emp e
where e.dept_id = 1;
# select之后也可以出现子查询
select d.*,
       (select count(*) '人数'
        from emp e
        where e.dept_id = d.id) '人数'
from dept d;


create table student
(
    id   int auto_increment primary key comment '主键ID',
    name varchar(10) comment '姓名',
    no   varchar(10) comment '学号'
) comment '学生表';

insert into student
values (null, '黛绮丝', '2000100101'),
       (null, '谢逊',
        '2000100102'),
       (null, '殷天正', '2000100103'),
       (null, '韦一笑', '2000100104');

create table course
(
    id   int auto_increment primary key comment '主键ID',
    name varchar(10) comment '课程名称'
) comment '课程表';
insert into course
values (null, 'Java'),
       (null, 'PHP'),
       (null, 'MySQL'),
       (null, 'Hadoop');

create table student_course
(
    id        int auto_increment comment '主键' primary key,
    studentid int not null comment '学生ID',
    courseid  int not null comment '课程ID',
    constraint fk_courseid foreign key (courseid) references course (id),
    constraint fk_studentid foreign key (studentid) references student (id)
) comment '学生课程中间表';

insert into student_course
values (null, 1, 1),
       (null, 1, 2),
       (null, 1, 3),
       (null, 2, 2),
       (null, 2, 3),
       (null, 3, 4);

# 12.查询所有学生的选课情况, 展示出学生名称, 学号, 课程名称
select s.name,
       s.no,
       c.name
from student s
         join student_course sc on s.id = sc.studentid
         join course c on sc.courseid = c.id;

select s.name,
       s.no,
       c.name
from student s,
     student_course sc,
     course c
where s.id = sc.studentid
  and sc.courseid = c.id;
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值