网络编程
概述
网络编程的目的:
无线电台，传播交流信息，数据交换。通信
javaweb：网页编程 B/S
网络编程：TCP/IP C/S
网络通信的要素
- 通信双方地址
- ip
- port
- 192.168.1.1:8888
- 规则：网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型
小结：
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机 ping命令
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和port
- 网络通信协议 UDP TCP
IP
IP地址：InetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
- 127.0.0.1：本机地址localhost
- IP地址的分类
- ipv4/ipv6
- IPV4：127.0.0.1，四个字节组成，0~255
- IPV6：128位。8个无符号整数
- 公网（互联网）-私网（局域网）
- 192.168.xx.xx，专门给组织内部使用的
- ABCD类IP地址
- ipv4/ipv6
- 域名：记忆IP问题：
- IP：www.jd.com
package com.siu.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Arrays;
// 测试Ip
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
// 查询网站IP地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
// 常用方法
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(inetAddress2.getAddress()));
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName()); // 规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress()); // ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName()); // 域名或电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口
端口表示计算机上一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号
-
端口被规定0~65535
-
TCP端口，UDP端口 65535*2，单个协议下面，端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
- 共有端口 0~1023
- Http:80
- Https:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- …
- 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySql:3306
- Oracle:1521
- …
- 动态，私有：49152~65535
netstat -ano # 查看所有端口 netstat -ano|findstr "XXXX" # 查看指定端口 tasklist|findstr "xxxx" # 查看指定端口进程package com.siu.lesson01; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress1); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress1.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress1.getHostName()); // 地址 System.out.println(socketAddress1.getPort()); // 端口 } } - 共有端口 0~1023
通信协议
TCP/IP协议簇：实际上是一组协议
- TCP：用户传输协议
- UDP：用户数据报协议
出名的协议：
- TCP：
- IP：网络互连协议
TCP UDP对比
TCP：打电话
-
连接稳定
-
三次握手，四次挥手
最少需要三次，保证稳定链接！ A:你愁啥？ B：瞅你咋地？ A：干一场？ A：我们分手吧 B：燕子真的要分手吗？你要幸福 B：燕子没有你我怎么活 A：我走了 -
客户端服务端
-
传输完成、释放连接、效率低
UDP：发短信
- 不连接，不稳定
- 客户端服务端：没有明确界限
- 不管有没有准备好，都可以发送，不确定是否可以接收到
- 导弹
- DDOS：洪水攻击（饱和攻击）
TCP
客户端
- 通过Socket连接服务器
- 发送消息
package com.siu.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
// 客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
// 服务器地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
// port
int port = 9999;
// 创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
// 发送消息
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("siu~~~".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务端
- 建立服务的端口ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接受用户的消息
package com.siu.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
// 服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
// 有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true){
// 等待客户端连接
socket = serverSocket.accept(); // 返回客户端套接字
// 读取客户端消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
// 管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
客户端
package com.siu.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
// 创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
// 文件流 读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("arg.png"));
// 写出文件
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
// 通知服务器已经传输完了
socket.shutdownOutput();
// 确定服务器接收完毕，才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
// String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] butter2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
if ((len2=inputStream.read(butter2)) !=-1){
baos.write(butter2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
// 关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务器
package com.siu.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TestServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
// 监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); // 阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
// 获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
// 文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("recv.png"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 通知客户端就收完毕
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("done!".getBytes());
// 关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
- 服务端
- 自定义S
- Tomcat服务器S
- 客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
UDP
不需要知道对方地址
接收消息
package com.siu.lesson03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
// 还是需要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
// 接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length); // 接收
socket.receive(packet); // 阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
// 关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
发送消息
package com.siu.lesson03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
// 不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
// 建包
String msg = "Siu~";
// 发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
// param:数据，数据的长度，发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
// 发送包
socket.send(packet);
// 关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
单向聊天
发送：
package com.siu.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
// 准备数据：控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("siu")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收：
package com.siu.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
// 准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
// 断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String recv_data = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(recv_data);
if (recv_data.equals("siu")) {
break;
}
socket.receive(packet);
}
socket.close();
}
}
多线程拉呱
学生类
package com.siu.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend("localhost",5555,8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"teacher")).start();
}
}
老师类
package com.siu.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend("localhost", 7777,9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "student")).start();
}
}
发送类
package com.siu.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private String toIP;
private int fromPort;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(String toIP, int fromPort, int toPort) {
this.toIP = toIP;
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
this.socket = new DatagramSocket(this.fromPort);
this.reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
try {
socket.send(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (data.equals("siu")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接受类
package com.siu.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(this.port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
// 准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
try {
socket.receive(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String recv_data = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+ ":" + recv_data);
if (recv_data.equals("siu")) {
break;
}
try {
socket.receive(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
URL
统一资源定位符：定义互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析
package com.siu.lesson04;
import sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/siu/siusiusiu.txt");
// 连接到这个资源
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("siu.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
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