java编程基础总结——19.自定义容器

线性表:       
 *      栈
 *      队列
 *      数组
 *      链表

 

一、栈

         LIFO:后进先出
         FILO:先进后出

实现代码:

package com.openlab.collection;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Stack {

	private Object[] data;
	private int size;
	private int capacity;
	
	public Stack() {
		// 默认创建一个10容量的栈
		this.capacity = 10;
		data = new Object[this.capacity];
	}
	
	public Stack(int capacity) {
		this.capacity = capacity;
		data = new Object[this.capacity];
	}
	
	//进栈一个元素
	public void push(Object e){
		// 先判断栈是否已经满了
		if (this.isFull()) {
			// 扩容
			// 扩容的规则是原有容量的1.5倍
			int length = this.capacity + (this.capacity >>> 1);
			this.resize(length);
		} else {
			this.data[size++] = e;
		}
	}		
	
	// 判断是否存满
	private boolean isFull() {
		return this.capacity == this.size;
	}
	
	// 扩容或缩容容器的大小
	private void resize(int len){
//		Object[] arr = new Object[len];
//		for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
//			arr[i] = data[i];
//		}
//		this.data = arr;
//      上面的代码等价于下面的

		this.data = Arrays.copyOf(this.data, len);
		this.capacity = len;
	}	
	
	// 判断栈是否为空
	public boolean isEmpty(){
		return this.size == 0;
	}			
	
	// 出栈一个元素
	public Object pop(){
		if (this.isEmpty()) {
			throw new RuntimeException("对不起,栈中已经没有元素了");
		}
		return this.data[--this.size];
	}	
	
	// 查看栈顶元素
	public Object peek(){
		return this.data[this.size - 1];
	}					
	
	// 获取栈中元素的个数
	public int size(){
		return this.size;
	}					
	
	// 清空栈
	public void clear(){
		this.size = 0;
	}
	
	// 返回栈的字符串形式
	public String toString(){
		return Arrays.toString(Arrays.copyOf(this.data, this.size));
	}	
	
	// 对比两个栈是否相等
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object o)	{
		Stack s = (Stack) o;
		if (this.size != s.size()) {
			return false;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < s.size() ; i++) {
			if (data[i] != s.data[i]) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}
}

二、队列

        FIFO:先进先出
        LILO:后进后出

实现:

方法1:和栈类似,只需改变出队代码

方法2:利用两个栈来实现队列

1:

package com.openlab.collection;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Queue {

	private Object[] data;
	private int size;
	private int capacity;
	
	public Queue() {
		// 默认创建一个10容量的队列
		this.capacity = 10;
		data = new Object[this.capacity];
	}
	
	public Queue(int capacity) {
		this.capacity = capacity;
		data = new Object[this.capacity];
	}
	
	//进队列一个元素
	public void push(Object e){
		// 先判断队列是否已经满了
		if (this.isFull()) {
			// 扩容
			// 扩容的规则是原有容量的1.5倍
			int length = this.capacity + (this.capacity >>> 1);
			this.resize(length);
		} else {
			this.data[size++] = e;
		}
	}		
	
	// 判断是否存满
	private boolean isFull() {
		return this.capacity == this.size;
	}
	
	// 扩容或缩容容器的大小
	private void resize(int len){
		this.data = Arrays.copyOf(this.data, len);
		this.capacity = len;
	}	
	
	// 判断队列是否为空
	public boolean isEmpty(){
		return this.size == 0;
	}			
	
	// 出队列一个元素
	public Object pop(){
		if (this.isEmpty()) {
			throw new RuntimeException("对不起,队列中已经没有元素了");
		}
		this.size--;
		Object temp = this.data[0];
		System.arraycopy(data, 1, this.data, 0, data.length - 1);
		return temp;
	}	
	
	// 查看队列顶元素
	public Object peek(){
		return this.data[this.size - 1];
	}					
	
	// 获取队列中元素的个数
	public int size(){
		return this.size;
	}					
	
	// 清空队列
	public void clear(){
		this.size = 0;
	}
	
	// 返回队列的字符串形式
	public String toString(){
		return Arrays.toString(Arrays.copyOf(this.data, this.size));
	}	
	
	// 对比两个队列是否相等
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object o)	{
		Queue s = (Queue) o;
		if (this.size != s.size()) {
			return false;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < s.size() ; i++) {
			if (data[i] != s.data[i]) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}
}

2:

package com.openlab.collection;

public class Queue2 {
	
	private Stack stackA;					
	private Stack stackB;		

	public Queue2() {
		stackA = new Stack();
		stackB = new Stack();
	}
	
	// 进队一个元素
	public void offer(Object e){
		this.stackA.push(e);
	}	
	
	// 出队一个元素
	public Object poll(){
		remove();
		return stackB.pop();
	}

	private void remove() {
		if (this.stackB.size() == 0) {
			while (this.stackA.size() != 0) {
				this.stackB.push(this.stackA.pop());
			}
		}
	}	
	
	// 查看队首元素
	public Object element(){
		if (this.stackB.size() != 0) {
			return this.stackB.peek();
		} else {
			remove();
		}
		return this.stackB.peek();
	}		
	
	// 获取队列中元素的个数
	public int size(){
		remove();
		return this.stackB.size();
	}		
	
	// 判断队列是否为空
	public boolean isEmpty(){
		return this.stackB.size() == 0 && this.stackA.size() == 0;
	}
	
	// 清空队列
	public void clear(){
		this.stackA.clear();
		this.stackB.clear();
	}	
	
	// 返回队列的字符串形式
	public String toString(){
		return "展示B中的值";
	}
	
	public boolean equals(Object o) {
		return true;
	}
	
}

三、数组

 数组是相同类型元素的集合,用一段连续的空间来存放数组的内容。

package com.openlab.collection;


import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 *  动态数组
 *
 */
public class ArrayList {
	
	private Object[] objs;
	private int size;
	private int capacity;
	
	public ArrayList() {
		this.capacity = 10;
		this.objs = new Object[this.capacity];
	}
	
	public ArrayList(int capacity) {
		this.capacity = capacity;
		this.objs = new Object[this.capacity];
	}
	
	public void add(Object obj) {
		if (this.isFull()) {
			// 扩容
			this.grow();
		}
		this.objs[size++] = obj;
	}

	private void grow() {
		// 1.5 倍
		int newCapaCity = this.capacity + (this.capacity >>> 1);
		System.out.println("扩容开始,容量由"+ this.capacity +"变为:"+ newCapaCity);
		this.objs = Arrays.copyOf(this.objs, newCapaCity);
		this.capacity = newCapaCity;
		System.out.println("扩容成功");
	}

	private boolean isFull() {
		return this.size == this.capacity;
	}
	
	public void add(int index, Object obj) {
		if (this.isFull()) {
			this.grow();
		}
		for (int i = size; i > index ; i--) {
			this.objs[i] = this.objs[i - 1];
		}
		this.objs[index] = obj;
		this.size++;
	}

	public void remove(int index) {
		for (int i = index; i < this.size - 1; i++) {
			this.objs[index] = this.objs[index+1];
		}
		this.size--;
	}
	
	public void update(int index, Object obj) {
		this.objs[index] = obj;
	}

	public Object load(Object Object) {
		
		return null;
	}

	public Object get(int index) {
		if (index < size) {
			return null;
		}
		return this.objs[index];
	}

	public Object[] list() {
		return Arrays.copyOf(this.objs, size);
	}

	public void clear() {
		this.size = 0;
	}

	public String toString() {
		return "ObjectMangerImpl [objs=" + Arrays.toString(objs) + ", size=" + size + ", capacity=" + capacity + "]";
	}
	
	public int size() {
		return this.size;
	}
	
}

四、 链表

双向循环链表:

package p3.链式结构;

import p1.接口.Dequeue;
import p1.接口.List;
import p1.接口.Stack;

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;

//双向循环链表
public class LinkedList<E> implements List<E>, Dequeue<E>, Stack<E> {

    private class Node {
        E data;
        Node pre;//直接前驱
        Node next;//直接后继

        public Node() {
            this(null, null, null);
        }

        public Node(E data) {
            this(data, null, null);
        }

        public Node(E data, Node pre, Node next) {
            this.data = data;
            this.pre = pre;
            this.next = next;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return data.toString();
        }
    }

    private Node head;
    private Node tail;
    private int size;

    public LinkedList() {
        head = null;
        tail = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    public LinkedList(E[] arr) {
        if (arr == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("arr can not be null");
        }
        for (E e : arr) {
            add(e);//默认在表尾添加
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void add(E element) {
        add(size, element);
    }

    @Override
    public void add(int index, E element) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("add index out of range");
        }
        Node n = new Node(element);
        if (size == 0) {//刚开始链表为空的,来个新节点对象,直接head ,tail 指向新节点
            head = n;
            tail = n;
            tail.next = head;//节点的下一跳 尾的下一跳指头               体现循环
            head.pre = tail;//节点的上一跳(前驱)  头的下一跳应该是尾
        } else if (index == 0) {//要插入的角标在第一个
            //先把当前(头)上一跳给 新节点的上一跳(指的尾) 新节点的下一跳指向当前的head  当前头的上一跳指新节点   head更新为新节点   尾的下一跳更新为当前的head
            n.pre = head.pre;
            n.next = head;
            head.pre = n;
            head = n;
            tail.next = head;
        } else if (index == size) {//在表尾
            //从右向左读 :先把当前尾的下一跳给新节点的下一跳(或者说从左向右读 新节点的下一跳指向尾的下一跳)   尾的下一跳指向新节点 新节点的上一跳指向当前尾  尾更新为新节点 头的上一跳重新指向尾
            n.next = tail.next;
            n.pre = tail;
            tail.next = n;
            tail = n;
            head.pre = tail;
        } else {//中间
            Node p, q;//要插入节点位置的前驱 后继(也是要插入的位置)   p q
            if (index <= size / 2) {//链表偏左的地方添加
                p = head;
                for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) {//如在i=2位置添加元素 需要找到其前驱,i=0 i<2-1=1 0-1 移动一次 刚好到i=1的位置 即为 i=2的前驱
                    p = p.next;
                }
                q = p.next;
                // p的下一跳指向新节点  新节点的上一跳指向p             q的上一跳指向新节点 新节点的下一跳指向q
                p.next = n;
                n.pre = p;
                q.pre = n;
                n.next = q;
            } else {//链表偏右的地方添加
                p = tail;//从尾部找起   此时q是p的前驱
                for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) {//如在index=4的位置添加元素 size=6 i=size-1=5,i>index 移一个 i--=4 4
                    p = p.pre;
                }
                q = p.pre;
                //q的下一跳指向新节点 新节点的上一跳指向q   p的上一跳指向新节点  新节点的下一跳指向p
                q.next = n;
                n.pre = q;
                n.next = p;
                p.pre = n;
            }
        }
        size++;
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(E element) {
        int index = indexof(element);
        if (index != -1) {//!=-1 即存在  根据角标删除即可
            remove(index);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public E remove(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("remove index out of range");
        }
        E ret = null;
        Node node;
        if (size == 1) {
            ret = head.data;
            head = null;
            tail = null;
        } else if (index == 0) {
            ret = head.data;//保存值
            node = head.next;//node作辅助用  找到新的头节点
            head.next = null;//先断head和node的联系
            node.pre = head.pre;//head的上一跳给node的上一跳
            head.pre = null;//head的上一跳还存在 指向着尾 将它清空,不再指向任何
            head = node;//head重新指向node
            tail.next = head;//尾的下一跳指向头
        } else if (index == size - 1) {
            ret = tail.data;
            node = tail.pre;//先找到新的尾节点  node
            tail.pre = null;//tail上一跳置空
            node.next = tail.next;//tail的下一跳给node的下一跳(让node指向头)
            tail.next = null;//tail下一跳置空
            tail = node;//tail指向新的尾节点
            head.pre = tail;//头的上一跳重新更新为当前的尾节点
        } else {
            Node p, q, r;//要删除节点的前驱   要删除节点    要删除节点的后继
            if (index <= size / 2) {
                p = head;
                for (int i = 0; i < index - 1; i++) {
                    p = p.next;
                }
                q = p.next;
                r = q.next;
                ret = q.data;
                p.next = r;//p的下一跳指向r
                r.pre = p;//r的上一跳指向p
                q.next = null;//q上下置空
                q.pre = null;
            } else {
                p = tail;
                for (int i = size - 1; i > index + 1; i++) {//如在index=4的位置删除元素 i=size-1=6 i>index+1=5 移一个 i++=6 不移
                    p = p.pre;
                }
                q = p.pre;
                r = q.pre;
                ret = q.data;
                r.next = p;
                p.pre = r;
                q.next = null;
                q.pre = null;
            }
        }
        size--;
        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public E get(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("get index out of range");
        }
        if (index == 0) {
            return head.data;
        } else if (index == size - 1) {
            return tail.data;
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
                p = p.next;
            }
            return p.data;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public E set(int index, E element) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("get index out of range");
        }
        E ret = null;
        if (index == 0) {
            ret = head.data;
            head.data = element;
        } else if (index == size - 1) {
            ret = tail.data;
            tail.data = element;
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
                p = p.next;
            }
            ret = p.data;
            p.data = element;
        }
        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    public int indexof(E element) {
        Node p = head;
        int index = 0;
        while (!p.data.equals(element)) {
            p = p.next;
            index++;
            if (p == head) {
                return -1;
            }
        }
        return index;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains(E element) {
        return indexof(element) != 0;
    }


    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0 && head == null && tail == null;
    }



    @Override
    public void clear() {
        head = null;
        tail = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void sort(Comparator<E> c) {
        if (c == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("comparator can not be null");
        }

        if (size == 0 || size == 1) {
            return;
        }
        //插入排序来做
        for (Node nodeA = head.next; nodeA != head; nodeA = nodeA.next) {
            E e = nodeA.data;
            Node nodeB;
            Node nodeC;
            for (nodeB = nodeA, nodeC = nodeB.pre; nodeC != tail && c.compare(nodeC.data, e) > 0; nodeB = nodeB.pre, nodeC = nodeC.pre) {//或者判断的条件为nodeB!=head 都表示结束
                nodeB.data = nodeC.data;
            }
            nodeB.data = e;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<E> sublist(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        if (fromIndex < 0 || toIndex >= size || fromIndex > toIndex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("0<=fromIndex<=toIndex<size");
        }
        Node nodeA = head;
        for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
            nodeA = nodeA.next;
        }
        Node nodeB = head;
        for (int i = 0; i < toIndex; i++) {
            nodeB = nodeB.next;
        }
        Node p = nodeA;
        LinkedList<E> list = new LinkedList<>();
        while (true) {//从A开始移,先放再移  ,直到B
            list.add(p.data);//到B时,先把nodeB加进去,判断是NodeB就跳出
            if (p == nodeB) {
                break;
            }
            p = p.next;
        }
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append('[');
        if (isEmpty()) {
            sb.append(']');
        } else {
            Node p = head;
            while (true) {
                sb.append(p.data);
                if (p == tail) {
                    sb.append(']');
                    break;
                } else {
                    sb.append(',');
                    sb.append(' ');
                    p = p.next;
                }
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new LinkedListIterator();
    }

    class LinkedListIterator implements Iterator<E> {
        private Node cur = head;
        private boolean flag = true;//是否在第一圈

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {
            if (isEmpty()) {
                return false;
            }
            return flag;
        }

        @Override
        public E next() {
            E ret = cur.data;
            cur = cur.next;
            if (cur == head) {
                flag = false;
            }
            return ret;
        }
    }
    //双端队列的方法
    @Override
    public void addFirst(E element) {
        add(0, element);
    }

    @Override
    public void addLast(E element) {
        add(size, element);
    }

    @Override
    public E removeFirst() {
        return remove(0);
    }

    @Override
    public E removeLast() {
        return remove(size-1);
    }

    @Override
    public E getFirst() {
        return get(0);
    }

    @Override
    public E getLast() {
        return get(size-1);
    }

    //栈的方法
    @Override
    public void push(E element) {
        addLast(element);
    }

    @Override
    public E pop() {
        return removeLast();
    }

    @Override
    public E peek() {
        return getLast();
    }

    //队列的方法
    @Override
    public void offer(E element) {
        addLast(element);
    }

    @Override
    public E poll() {
        return removeFirst();
    }

    @Override
    public E element() {
        return getFirst();
    }

}

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