网络编程
1.1 概述
地球村
信件:
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台。。传播交流信息
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
- 如何定位到网络的某台主机 IP:端口,定位到某个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到了如何传输资源
javaweb开发:网页编程,B/S架构
网路编程:TCP/IP C/S架构
1.2 网络通信的要素
如何实现网络通信?
通信双方的地址:
- ip
- 端口号
规则:网络通信协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或多台主机
- 找到主机后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号
- 网络通信协议,TCP、UDP
- 万物皆对象
1.3 IP
ip地址:inetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机。localhost
-
ip地址分类:
-
Ipv4/ipv6
-
ipv4127.0.0.1 四个字节,每个字节0~255,42亿个;北美30亿、亚洲4亿,2011年用尽了
-
ipv6 128位,8个无符号整数
2001:1aaa:1bab:1312:1c1d:aaaa:eeee:abab
-
-
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx专门给组织内部使用
-
域名:记忆IP问题
- IP www.vip.com
-
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
-
不同进程有不同端口号
-
被规定 0~65535
-
TCP UDP:65535*2 tcp:80 udp:80,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP : 80
- HTTPS :443
- FTP :21
- Telent :23
-
程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- Mysql:3306
- Oracle:1521
-
动态/私有:49152~65535
lsof #查看所有端口 option+command+esc#任务管理器
-
package com.yang.lesson01; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址 System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口 } }
-
1.5 通信协议
协议:约定,就好比普通话
**网络通信协议:**速率、传输码率、代码结构、传输控制……
**问题:**非常复杂
大事化小:分层
TCP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互联协议
TCP和UDP对比:
TCP:打电话
-
链接稳定
-
三次握手
四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定链接 A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场 A:我要走了 B:我知道你要走了 B:你真的要走了吗 A:我真的要走了
-
客户端、服务端
-
传输完成、释放链接、效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接、不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS!洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
1.6 TCP
客户端:
- 链接服务器Socket
- 发送消息
package com.yang.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class TestClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1,要知道服务器的地址和端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2,创建一个socket链接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3,发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("欢迎!欢迎!欢迎!".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器端
- 建立服务的端口ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接accept
- 接收用户的消息
package com.yang.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TestServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1,我得又一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2,等待客户端连进来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//读取客户端的信息
is = socket.getInputStream();
/*
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int Len;
while ((Len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
String msg = new String(buffer, 0, Len);
System.out.println(msg);
}
*/
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int Len;
while ((Len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,Len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
package com.yang.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1,创建一个socket链接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2,创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3,读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("head.jpeg");
//4,写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int Len;
while ((Len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer, 0, Len);
}
//通知服务器我已经发送完了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经输出完了
//确定服务端接收完毕,才能够断开链接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//string byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int Len2;
while ((Len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2, 0, Len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
package com.yang.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TestServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1,文件输出
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2,监听客户端的链接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端的链接
//3,获取输出流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4,创建服务
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("receive.jpeg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器S:java后台开发
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
1.7 UDP
发短信:不用链接,需要知道对方的地址!
发送消息
package com.yang.lesson03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class UDPClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1,建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2,建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据 数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3,发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4,关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.yang.lesson03;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的链接
public class UDPServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket Socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket Packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
Socket.receive(Packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(Packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(Packet.getData(),0,Packet.getLength()));
//关闭链接
Socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
package com.yang.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//从控制台接收数据
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.yang.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
相互发送:
package com.yang.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.util.Queue;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIp;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIp, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIp = toIp;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.yang.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+ receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.yang.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
package com.yang.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();
}
}