初学Spring之配置和 DI 依赖注入

若使用有参构造创建对象

1.下标赋值

<bean id="xx" class="xx">

        <constructor-arg index="0" value="xx"/>

</bean>

2.通过类型创建

<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="xx"/>

3.直接通过参数来设置

<constructor-arg name="xx" value="xx"/>

在配置文件加载的时候,容器中管理的对象已经初始化了

别名:<alias name="xx" alias="xxx"/> (取另一个名,意思一样,可以通过别名获取这个对象)

id:bean 的唯一标识符,相当于对象名

class:bean 对象所对应的全限定名:包名 + 类型

name:也是别名,可以同时取多个

<bean id="xx" class="xx" name="xx,xx,xx">

import 可以将多个配置文件导入合并为一个

<import resource="xx.xml"/>

一般总的配置文件为 applicationContext.xml,使用总配置即可

依赖注入:

1.构造器注入

2. Set 方式注入

依赖:bean 对象的创建依赖于容器

注入:bean 对象中的所有属性由容器来注入

创建一个 Address 类

package com.demo.pojo;

public class Address {
    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

再创建一个 Student 类

package com.demo.pojo;

import java.util.*;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbies;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbies() {
        return hobbies;
    }

    public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address.toString() +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbies=" + hobbies +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", info=" + info +
                '}';
    }
}

resources 目录下创建 applicationContext.xml 文件

普通值注入 value

Bean 注入 ref

数组注入 property-array-value

List 注入 property-list-value

Map 注入 property-map-entry-key-value

Set 注入 property-set-value

Properties 注入 property-props-prop-key

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="address" class="com.demo.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="地址"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.demo.pojo.Student">

        <!-- 普通值注入 value -->
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>

        <!-- Bean注入 ref -->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>

        <!-- 数组注入 property-array-value -->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>语文</value>
                <value>数学</value>
                <value>英语</value>
            </array>
        </property>

        <!-- List注入 property-list-value -->
        <property name="hobbies">
            <list>
                <value>唱</value>
                <value>跳</value>
            </list>
        </property>

        <!-- Map注入 property-map-entry-key-value -->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="111"/>
                <entry key="银行卡" value="222"/>
            </map>
        </property>

        <!-- Set注入 property-set-value -->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>yuan</value>
                <value>shen</value>
            </set>
        </property>

        <!-- null -->
        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>

        <!-- Properties注入 property-props-prop-key -->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="username">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">root</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

    </bean>

</beans>

test 目录下创建 MyTest 类

import com.demo.pojo.Student;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.toString());
    }
}

3.拓展方式注入(p 命名空间注入、c 命名空间注入)

p 命名空间注入:

创建一个 User 类

package com.demo.pojo;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private String age;

    //无参构造
    public User() {
    }

    //有参构造
    public User(String name, String age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

创建 userbeans.xml 文件,引入 p 链接

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

p 命名空间注入,可以直接注入属性的值:property

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
						http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
						http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">

    <!-- p命名空间注入,可以直接注入属性的值:property -->
    <bean id="user" class="com.demo.pojo.User" p:name="张三" p:age="18"/>

</beans>

报错去 Settings 下的 Languages -> DTDS 添加 URL

test 目录下创建 MyTest2 类

写了 User.class 就不需要强制转换

import com.demo.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbeans.xml");
        User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
        System.out.println(user.toString());
    }
}

c 命名空间注入:

引入 c 链接xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

通过构造器注入:construct-args

<!-- c命名空间注入,通过构造器注入:construct-args --> 
<bean id="user" class="com.demo.pojo.User" c:name="张三" c:age="18"/>

 注意:p 命名空间和 c 命名空间不能直接使用,需要导入 xml 约束

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
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