OpenCV初尝试4——图像的算术与位运算

4 图像的算术与位运算

4.1 图像的算术运算

4.1.1 图像的加减乘除运算

• cv2.add(src1, src2[, dst[, mask[, dtype]]])
• cv2.subtract(src1, src2[, dst[, mask[, dtype]]])
• cv2.multiply(src1, src2[, dst[, scale[, dtype]]])
• cv2.divide(src1, src2[, dst[, scale[, dtype]]])

import cv2

cat = cv2.imread('./cat.jpeg')
dog = cv2.imread('./dog.jpeg')

#加法要求两个图片大小一致
print(cat.shape)
print(dog.shape)

#注意：传递新的高度和宽度时，先宽度后高度，与shape输出相反
new_cat = cv2.resize(cat, (dog.shape[:1][::-1]))

#和单个数字运算，超过255会被截断，相当于%256
print(new_cat[0:5, 0:5])
print(new_cat[0:5, 0:5] + 100)
cv2.imshow('cat_dog', np.hstack((new_cat, dog)))

#加法的效果是加起来如果超过255，统一变成255
new_img = cv2.add(new_cat, dog)
new_img1 = cv2.subtract(new_cat, dog)
new_img2 = cv2.multiply(new_cat, dog)
new_img3 = cv2.divide(new_cat, dog)

print(new_img[0:5, 0:5])
print(new_img1[0:5, 0:5])
print(new_img2[0:5, 0:5])
print(new_img3[0:5, 0:5])

cv2.imshow('cat_dog', np.hstack((new_cat, dog, new_img, new_img1, new_img2, new_img3)))

cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

4.1.2 图像的融合

• cv2.addWeighted(src1, alpha, src2, beta, gamma[, dst[, dtype]])

#不是简单的加法，相当于拿图片做了线性运算：new_img = img1 * w1 + img2 * w2 + bias
import cv2
import numpy as np

cat = cv2.imread('./cat.jpeg')
dog = cv2.imread('./dog.jpeg') 

new_cat = cv2.resize(cat, (dog.shape[:1][::-1]))

#第一个图片，权重1，第二个图片，权重2，偏差
#权重1 + 权重2 不一定要 = 1
new_img = cv2.addWeighted(new_cat, 0.3, dog, 0.7， 0)

cv2.imshow('new_img', new_img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

4.2 图像的位运算

• cv2.bitwise_and(src1, src2[, dst[, mask]])：与操作
• cv2.bitwise_or(src1, src2[, dst[, mask]])：或操作
• cv2.bitwise_not(src[, dst[, mask]])：非操作
• cv2.bitwise_xor(src1, src2[, dst[, mask]])：异或操作

import cv2
import numpy as np

cat = cv2.imread('./cat.jpeg')
dog = cv2.imread('./dog.jpeg'
new_cat = cv2.resize(cat, (dog.shape[:1][::-1]))

#非操作：相当于255 - cat
cat_not = cv2.bitwise_not(cat)
cv2.imshow('not', np.hstack((cat, cat_not)))

#与操作：两个图片对应位置的元素进行与操作
cat_and = cv2.bitwise_and(new_cat， dog)
cv2.imshow('and', np.hstack((new_cat, cat_and)))

#或操作：两个图片对应位置元素进行或运算
cat_or = cv2.bitwise_or(new_cat, dog)
cv2.imshow('and', np.hstack((new_cat, cat_or)))

#异或操作
cat_xor = cv2.bitwise_xor(new_cat, dog)
cv2.imshow('and', np.hstack((new_cat, cat_xor)))


cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()