python_0612

1.dict和list中copy方法画图加代码解释(重新画一下)

dict_var1 = {
  "brand": "Porsche",
  "model": "911",
  "year": 1963
}
dict_var2 = dict_var1.copy()
print(dict_var2)

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
mylist = thislist.copy()
print(mylist)

2.dict中扩展字典长度(多种方法)

(1)

setdefault
dict_var7 = {
  "brand": "Porsche",
  "model": "911",
  "year": 1963
 }
dict_var8 = dict_var7.setdefault("model", "Macan")
print(dict_var8)

(2),

[key] = value
dict_data = {1: 2, 2: 3}
dict_data[3] = 4
print(dict_data)

结果
{1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 4}
(3),

update
dict_data = {1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 4}
dict_data1 = {5: 6}
dict_data.update(dict_data1)
print(dict_data)

结果
{1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}

3.dict中获取所有的key,获取所有的value，获取所有的item

dict_var3 = {
  "brand": "Porsche",
  "model": "911",
  "year": 1963
}
dict_var5 = dict_var3.keys()
print(dict_var5)

dict_var8 = dict_var3.values()
print(dict_var8)

for x, y in dict_var3.items():
  print(x, y)

4.dict中通过一个不存在的key去获取值(要求不报错)

dict_var7 = {
  "brand": "Porsche",
  "model": "911",
  "year": 1963
}
dict_var8 = dict_var7.setdefault( "Macan")
print(dict_var8)

5.定义空集合

set_var = set()

6.set中，求差集，求合集，求交集（要求在原集合上操作）

• 合集

set1 = {"a", "b" , "c"}
set2 = {1, 2, 3}

set3 = set1.union(set2)
print(set3)

• 差集

set_var1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set_var2 = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
set_var3 = set_var1.difference(set_var2) 
print(set_var3)

• 交集

set_var4 = set_var1.isdisjoint(set_var2)

• 添加一个元素

set_var1.add("orange")

• 删除一个元素(使用多种方法)

set_var1.discard("banana")
set_var1.pop()
set_var1.remove("banana") 

7.数据类型转换：

• 将浮点型，字符串转换成整型

str_a = '1.5'
   int_a = int(float(str_a))

• 将整数，字符串转成浮点型

num1 = "123.12";
num2 = 12
num3 = float(num1)
num4 = float(num2)

• 将二进制，八进制，16进制转成10进制

print(int("0b100", base=2))
print(int("0o100", base=8))
print(int("0x100", base=16))

• 将10进制转换成，二进制，八进制，16进制

number = 1234
print("转换为二进制为：", bin(number))
print("转换为八进制为：", oct(number))
print("转换为十六进制为：", hex(number))

• 将字符串转换为字节

 str_data = "培华"
 bytes_data = bytes(str_data, encoding="UTF-8")
 print(bytes_data)

• 将字节转换成字符串

str_data = str(b'\xe5\x9f\xb9\xe5\x8d\x8e', encoding="UTF-8")
print(str_data)

• 将ascii码转换为字符串

sac_var = 101
print(chr(sac_var))

• 将字符串转换成ascii码

  str_data_a = "q"
  print(ord(str_data_a))