字符串——创建，获取长度，复制，拼接——C语言描述

字符串——创建，获取长度，复制——C语言描述

1.字符串的存储结构

​ 串的数据结构一般采用数组的形式，字符串为’\0’为表示结尾。

2操作字符串

​ 创建，打印，获取长度，拷贝子串，搜索子串

代码：

void OperateString(void) {
	LIST_STATUS Status;
	char Str1[] = "hello199";
	char Str2[] = "hello200";
	int Str1Len;
	char *CpyStr = (char *)malloc(sizeof(Str1));
	int CmpResult;

	char *ConcatStr = (char *)malloc(sizeof(Str1) + sizeof(Str2) + 1);

	char *SubStr = (char *)malloc(sizeof(Str1));
	unsigned int Pos = 2;
	unsigned int SubLen = 3;
	
	char FindStr[] = "lo";
	unsigned int FindStrPos = 1;
	unsigned int FindIndex;

/*
	Str1Len = StringLen(Str1);
	printf("Str1Len = 0x%x\n", Str1Len);

	Status = StrCopy(CpyStr, Str1);
	if (Status == SUCCESS) {
		printf("StrCopy successful!\n");
	}else {
		printf("StrCopy failed!\n");
	}	
	printf("CpyStr = %s\n\n", CpyStr);

	if (CpyStr != NULL) {
		free(CpyStr);
		CpyStr = NULL;
	}

	CmpResult = StrCopmare(Str1, Str2);
	printf("CmpResult = %d\n", CmpResult);

	Status = StrConcat(ConcatStr, Str1, Str2);
	if (Status == SUCCESS) {
		printf("StrConcat successful!\n");
	}
	else {
		printf("StrConcat failed!\n");
	}
	printf("ConcatStr = %s\n", ConcatStr);	

	if (ConcatStr != NULL) {
		free(ConcatStr);
		ConcatStr = NULL;
	}

	Status = SubString(SubStr, Str1, Pos, SubLen);
	if (Status == SUCCESS) {
		printf("SubString successful!\n");
	}
	else {
		printf("SubString failed!\n");
	}
	printf("SubStr = %s\n", SubStr);
*/

	FindIndex = FindStrIndex(Str1, FindStr, FindStrPos);

	printf("FindIndex = %d\n", FindIndex);
}

3 获取串的长度

​ 返回字符串的长度，不包括结尾字符’\0’.

代码:

int StringLen(const char * const Str) {
	char *TraStr = Str;
	int StrLen = 0;

	printf("StringLen start\n");
	if (NULL == Str) {
		return 0;	
	}

	while (*TraStr != '\0') {
		StrLen++;
		TraStr++;
	}	

	printf("StringLen end\n");	
	return StrLen;
}

结果：

StringLen start

StringLen end

Str1Len = 0x5

4 拷贝字符串

​ 将字符串S拷贝给新串T

StrCopy(char *T, char *S)

代码：

LIST_STATUS StrCopy(char *T, char *S) {
	char *TraS = S;
	char *TraT = T;

	printf("StrCopy start\n");

	if (T == NULL || S == NULL ) {
		return ERROR;	
	}

	while (*TraS != '\0') {
		*TraT = *TraS;
		TraT++;
		TraS++;
	}

	*TraT = '\0';

	printf("StrCopy end\n");

	return SUCCESS;
}

结果：

StringLen start

StringLen end

Str1Len = 0x5

StrCopy start

StrCopy end

StrCopy successful!

T = hello

5 比较两个字符串

int StrComPare(const char *S1, const char *S2)

​ 相等返回0，当S1 > S2时，返回值为1， 当S1 < S2 时，返回值为-1

两个字符串相等条件：两个字符串长度相等并且两个字符串每个位置对应的成员相等。

​ 当两个字符串不相等时，给定两个串，S1 = “a1a2…an”, S2 = “b1b2…bm”，当满足以下条件之一时，S1 < S2.

（1）n < m，且ai = bi (i = 1,2,…,n)

（2）存在k <= min(m, n), 使得ai = bi(i=1,2,…,k-1)，ak < bk

代码：

int StrCopmare(const char Str1[], const char Str2[]) {
	char *TraStr1 = Str1;
	char *TraStr2 = Str2;
	int ret;
	int Str1Len = StringLen(Str1);
	int Str2Len = StringLen(Str2);

	printf("StrCopmare start\n");

	printf("Str1 = %s\n", Str1);
	printf("Str2 = %s\n", Str2);

	while (*TraStr1 != '\0' || *TraStr2 != '\0') {
		if (*TraStr1 == *TraStr2) {
			TraStr1++;
			TraStr2++;
		} else {
			break;
		}
	}

	if (*TraStr1 == '\0' && *TraStr2 == '\0' && Str1Len == Str2Len) {
		ret = 0;
		goto EXIT;
	}	

	if (*TraStr1 == '\0' && Str1Len < Str2Len) {
		ret = -1;
		goto EXIT;
	}

	if (*TraStr1 != '\0' && *TraStr2 != '\0' && *TraStr1 < *TraStr2) {
		ret = -1;
		goto EXIT;
	}

	ret = 1;

EXIT:
	printf("StrCopmare end\n");
	return ret;
}

结果：

StringLen start

StringLen end

Str1Len = 0x8

StrCopy start

StrCopy end

StrCopy successful!

T = hello199

StringLen start

StringLen end

StringLen start

StringLen end

StrCopmare start

Str1 = hello199

Str2 = hello200

StrCopmare end

CmpResult = -1

6 拼接两个字符串

LIST_STATUS StrConcat(char *NewStr, const char *Str1, const char *Str2)

​ 把字符串Str2拼接到Str1后面，并存到NewStr里面。

代码：

LIST_STATUS StrConcat(char *NewStr, const char *Str1, const char *Str2) {
	char *TraNewStr = NewStr;
	char *TraStr1 = Str1;
	char *TraStr2 = Str2;
	
	printf("StrConcat start\n");
	if (TraNewStr == NULL || Str1 == NULL || Str2 == NULL) {
		return ERROR;
	}

	while (*TraStr1 != '\0') {
		*TraNewStr = *TraStr1;

		TraNewStr++;
		TraStr1++;
	}
	
	while (*TraStr2 != '\0') {
		*TraNewStr = *TraStr2;

		TraNewStr++;
		TraStr2++;
	}

	*TraNewStr = '\0';
	
	printf("StrConcat end\n");
	return SUCCESS;
}

结果：

StringLen start

StringLen end

Str1Len = 0x8

StrCopy start

StrCopy end

StrCopy successful!

T = hello199

StringLen start

StringLen end

StringLen start

StringLen end

StrCopmare start

Str1 = hello199

Str2 = hello200

StrCopmare end

CmpResult = -1

StrConcat start

StrConcat end

StrConcat successful!

ConcatStr = hello199hello200