Redis入门及Spring整合redis

redis介绍

• Redis是一款基于键值对的NoSQL数据库，它的值支持多种数据结构： 字符串(strings)、哈希(hashes)、列表(lists)、集合(sets)、有序集合(sorted sets)等。
•  Redis将所有的数据都存放在内存中，所以它的读写性能十分惊人。 同时，Redis还可以将内存中的数据以快照或日志的形式保存到硬盘上，以保证数据的安全性。
•  Redis典型的应用场景包括：缓存、排行榜、计数器、社交网络、消息队列等。

redis基本命令

• 字符串

• 加一减一

• 哈希

• 列表

 rpop从右边弹出

• 无序集合(可以用于抽奖，每次spop随处弹出一个)

• 有序集合(加个分数作为排序条件)

•  查看所有的key和查看以test开头的key

•  查看key的类型

•  查看key是否存在(1代表存在、0代表不存在)

•  设置key的过期时间

Spring整合redis

• 引入依赖

    <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>

• 配置Redis

配置数据库参数

#RedisProperties
spring.redis.database=11
spring.redis.host=localhost
spring.redis.port=6379

编写配置类，构造RedisTemplate

package com.nowcoder.community.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer;

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {
    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory){
        RedisTemplate<String,Object> template=new RedisTemplate<>();
        template.setConnectionFactory(factory);
        //设置key的序列化方式
        template.setKeySerializer(RedisSerializer.string());
        //设置value的序列化方式
        template.setValueSerializer(RedisSerializer.json());
        //设置hash的key的序列化方式
        template.setHashKeySerializer(RedisSerializer.string());
        //设置hash的value的序列化方式
        template.setHashValueSerializer(RedisSerializer.json());
        template.afterPropertiesSet();//生效序列化
        return template;
    }
}

• 访问Redis

- redisTemplate.opsForValue()

- redisTemplate.opsForHash()

- redisTemplate.opsForList()

- redisTemplate.opsForSet()

- redisTemplate.opsForZSet()

 @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testStrings() {
        String redisKey = "test:count";

        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(redisKey, 1);

        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(redisKey));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(redisKey));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForValue().decrement(redisKey));
    }

    @Test
    public void testHashes() {
        String redisKey = "test:user";

        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(redisKey, "id", 1);
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(redisKey, "username", "zhangsan");

        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(redisKey, "id"));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(redisKey, "username"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testLists() {
        String redisKey = "test:ids";

        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(redisKey, 101);
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(redisKey, 102);
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(redisKey, 103);

        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().size(redisKey));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().index(redisKey, 0));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().range(redisKey, 0, 2));

        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPop(redisKey));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPop(redisKey));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPop(redisKey));
    }

    @Test
    public void testSets() {
        String redisKey = "test:teachers";

        redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(redisKey, "刘备", "关羽", "张飞", "赵云", "诸葛亮");

        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().size(redisKey));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().pop(redisKey));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().members(redisKey));
    }

    @Test
    public void testSortedSets() {
        String redisKey = "test:students";

        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(redisKey, "唐僧", 80);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(redisKey, "悟空", 90);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(redisKey, "八戒", 50);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(redisKey, "沙僧", 70);
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(redisKey, "白龙马", 60);

        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().zCard(redisKey));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().score(redisKey, "八戒"));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRank(redisKey, "八戒"));
        System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRange(redisKey, 0, 2));
    }

    @Test
    public void testKeys() {
        redisTemplate.delete("test:user");

        System.out.println(redisTemplate.hasKey("test:user"));

        redisTemplate.expire("test:students", 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    // 多次访问同一个key
    @Test
    public void testBoundOperations() {
        String redisKey = "test:count";
        BoundValueOperations operations = redisTemplate.boundValueOps(redisKey);
        operations.increment();
        operations.increment();
        operations.increment();
        operations.increment();
        operations.increment();
        System.out.println(operations.get());
    }

Redis事务管理

采用编程式管理事务，执行一个操作会向队列里存入一个，当提交事务时会一次全部提交

// 编程式事务
    @Test
    public void testTransactional() {
        Object obj = redisTemplate.execute(new SessionCallback() {
            @Override
            public Object execute(RedisOperations operations) throws DataAccessException {
                String redisKey = "test:tx";

                operations.multi();//启动事务

                operations.opsForSet().add(redisKey, "zhangsan");
                operations.opsForSet().add(redisKey, "lisi");
                operations.opsForSet().add(redisKey, "wangwu");

                System.out.println(operations.opsForSet().members(redisKey));//在事务没有提交的时候，不会输出值

                return operations.exec();//提交事务
            }
        });
        System.out.println(obj);
    }