文件IO-格式化输入输出

格式化输出

int fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *fmt, …);

int sprintf(char *s, const char *fmt, …);

成功时返回输出的字符个数；出错时返回EOF

格式化输入

int fscanf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);

int sscanf(const char *str, const char *format, ...);

重点掌握sprintf 和sscanf

编译告警：

wsystime.c:16:13: warning: format ‘%d’ expects argument of type ‘int’, but argument 2 has type ‘time_t {aka long int}’ [-Wformat=]

      printf("ctime=%d\n",ctime);

表示类型不匹配 期望的是int但是参数传的是time_t

解决办法：在参数前加强制类型转换

 

#include "stdio.h"

int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
    FILE *fp;
    int year=2021;
    int month=10;
    int day=1;
    
    fp=fopen("ftest.txt","w");
    if(fp==NULL){
       perror("fopen");
       return 0;
    }
    fprintf(fp,"%d-%d-%d\n",year,month,day);


    fclose(fp);


}

#include "stdio.h"

int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
    FILE *fp;
    int year;
    int month;
    int day;

    fp=fopen("ftest.txt","r");
    if(fp==NULL){
       perror("fopen");
       return 0;
    }

    fscanf(fp,"%d-%d-%d",&year,&month,&day);

    printf("%d,%d,%d\n",year,month,day);

    fclose(fp);

}

#include "stdio.h"

int main(int argc,char *argv[]){

    char buf[100]={0};
    int year=2021;
    int month= 10;
    int day=1;

    int syear;
    int smonth;
    int sday;

    sprintf(buf,"%d-%d-%d",year,month,day);
   
    printf("%s\n",buf);

    sscanf(buf,"%d-%d-%d",&syear,&smonth,&sday);
    printf("%d,%d,%d\n",syear,smonth,sday);

}

标准IO练习

time()用来获取系统时间(秒数)

time_t time(time_t *seconds) 1970.1.1 0:0:0

localtime()将系统时间转换成本地时间

struct tm *localtime(const time_t *timer)

struct tm {

   int tm_sec;         /* 秒，范围从 0 到 59                */

   int tm_min;         /* 分，范围从 0 到 59                */

   int tm_hour;        /* 小时，范围从 0 到 23                */

   int tm_mday;        /* 一月中的第几天，范围从 1 到 31                    */

   int tm_mon;         /* 月份，范围从 0 到 11                */

   int tm_year;        /* 自 1900 起的年数                */

   int tm_wday;        /* 一周中的第几天，范围从 0 到 6                */

   int tm_yday;        /* 一年中的第几天，范围从 0 到 365                    */

   int tm_isdst;       /* 夏令时                        */    

};

注意：

   int tm_mon;        获取的值要加1是正确的月份

   int tm_year;        获取的值加1900是正确的年份

获取文件内的所有行数量：

   while(fgets(buf,32,fp)!=NULL){

          if(buf[strlen(buf)-1] =='\n'){  //注意判断是否是一行结束

               linecount++;

          }

}

写完文件记得fflush ，写到磁盘里面去。

标准IO磁盘文件的缓冲区一般为4096

注意和标准输出的全缓冲区别，标准输出是1024

#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>


int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
     FILE *fp;
     time_t ctime;
     struct tm *ctimestr;
     int linecount = 0; 
     char buf[32];
     fp=fopen("test.txt","a+");
     if(fp==NULL){
         perror("fopen");
         return 0;

     }
     //calculate test.txt  line    

     while(fgets(buf,32,fp)!=NULL){
         
          if(buf[strlen(buf)-1] =='\n'){
               linecount++;
          }


    } 


 
     while(1){
         ctime = time(NULL);
         //printf("ctime=%d\n",(int)ctime);
         ctimestr = localtime(&ctime);
         printf("%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n",ctimestr->tm_year+1900,ctimestr->tm_mon+1,ctimestr->tm_mday,
                                     ctimestr->tm_hour,ctimestr->tm_min,ctimestr->tm_sec);
         fprintf(fp,"%d, %04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n",linecount,ctimestr->tm_year+1900,ctimestr->tm_mon+1,ctimestr->tm_mday,
                                     ctimestr->tm_hour,ctimestr->tm_min,ctimestr->tm_sec);
         fflush(fp);
         linecount++;
         sleep(1);
     }

     fclose(fp);

}