12.返回字典键、值_python

12.1 创建字典

四要素：1.花括号{}；2.键key；3.冒号:；4.值value

值value可以是任何类型，如数字，字符串，列表，字典；

字典变量名 = {key1:value1,key2:value2,key3:value3}

#生成普通字典
dic_input = {"name":"lin.yi","age":23,"民族":"汉族","兴趣":["唱歌","打球"],"课程":{"统计理论":["时间序列","回归分析"],"编程语言":"python"}} 
print(dic_input)

12.2 访问字典键、值

12.2.1 返回字典中所有的键、值构成的列表(采用list方法返回列表变量，便于列表循环)

#一个普通字典
dic_input = {"name":"lin.yi","age":23,"民族":"汉族","兴趣":["唱歌","打球"],"课程":{"统计理论":["时间序列","回归分析"],"编程语言":"python"}} 
#1. 返回字典中所有键构成的列表
print(list(dic_input.keys()))
#2. 返回字典中所有值构成的列表
print(list(dic_input.values()))

12.2.2 已知字典中的键/值/部分值，返回对应值/部分值/键

#一个普通字典
dic_input = {"name":"lin.yi","age":23,"民族":"汉族","兴趣":["唱歌","打球"],"课程":{"统计理论":["时间序列","回归分析"],"编程语言":"python"}} 
#1. 已知键，返回字典中对应的值
###1.1 简单，普通读取值
print(dic_input["课程"])
###1.2 复杂，返回字典中对应值中指定数据
print(dic_input["兴趣"][0])
print(dic_input["课程"]["统计理论"])
#2. 已知值，返回字典中对应键
###2.1 简单，知道某个键值对中全部值
print(list(dic_input.keys())[list(dic_input.values()).index(23)])
###2.2 复杂，知道某个键值对中部分值
print(list(dic_input.keys())[list(dic_input.values()).index([s for s in list(dic_input.values()) if "唱歌" in str(s)][0])])