一、AOP中关键性概念 :
①、连接点(Joinpoint):程序执行过程中明确的点,如方法的调用,或者异常的抛出,
②、目标(Target):被通知(被代理)的对象
注1:完成具体的业务逻辑
③、通知(Advice):在某个特定的连接点上执行的动作,同时Advice也是程序代码的具体实现,例 如一个实现日志记录的代码(通知有些书上也称为处理)
注2:完成切面编程
④、代理(Proxy):将通知应用到目标对象后创建的对象(代理=目标+通知),
例子:外科医生+护士
注3:只有代理对象才有AOP功能,而AOP的代码是写在通知的方法里面的
⑤、切入点(Pointcut):多个连接点的集合,定义了通知应该应用到那些连接点。
(也将Pointcut理解成一个条件 ,此条件决定了容器在什么情况下将通知和目标组合成代理返 回给外部程序)
⑥、适配器(Advisor):适配器=通知(Advice)+切入点(Pointcut)
2、如何实现AOP
①、目标对象只负责业务逻辑代码;
②、通知对象负责AOP代码,这二个对象都没有AOP的功能,只有代理对象才有;
3、AOP:即面向切面编程
4、 AOP带来的好处:让我们可以 “专心做事”
5、 工具类org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean用来创建一个代理对象,在一般 情况下它需要注入以下三个属性:
proxyInterfaces:代理应该实现的接口列表(List)
interceptorNames:需要应用到目标对象上的通知Bean的名字。(List)
target:目标对象 (Object)
6、 前置通知(org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice):在连接点之前执行的通知()
7、后置通知(org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice):在连接点正常完成后执行的通知
8、 环绕通知(org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor):包围一个连接点的通知,最大特点是 可以修改返回值,由于它在方法前后都加入了自己的逻辑代码,因此功能异常强大。
它通过MethodInvocation.proceed()来调用目标方法(甚至可以不调用,这样目标方法就不会 执 行)
9、异常通知(org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice):这个通知会在方法抛出异常退出时执行
10、适配器(org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor) 适配器=通知 (Advice)+切入点(Pointcut)
二、导入需要使用相关类
1、异常类
PriceException:
package com.ysq.aop.exception;
public class PriceException extends RuntimeException {
public PriceException() {
super();
}
public PriceException(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) {
super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
}
public PriceException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
public PriceException(String message) {
super(message);
}
public PriceException(Throwable cause) {
super(cause);
}
}
2、接口类
IBookBiz:
package com.ysq.aop.biz;
public interface IBookBiz {
// 购书
public boolean buy(String userName, String bookName, Double price);
// 发表书评
public void comment(String userName, String comments);
}
3、IBookBiz的实现类
BookBizImpl:
package com.ysq.aop.biz.impl;
import com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
import com.ysq.aop.exception.PriceException;
public class BookBizImpl implements IBookBiz {
public BookBizImpl() {
super();
}
public boolean buy(String userName, String bookName, Double price) {
// 通过控制台的输出方式模拟购书
if (null == price || price <= 0) {
throw new PriceException("book price exception");
}
System.out.println(userName + " buy " + bookName + ", spend " + price);
return true;
}
public void comment(String userName, String comments) {
// 通过控制台的输出方式模拟发表书评
System.out.println(userName + " say:" + comments);
}
}
4、spring-context.xml(所有通知配置)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 本文件中配置整个项目中包含的所有javabean,目的在于spring统一关联 -->
<bean name="userBiz1" class="com.ysq.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl1"></bean>
<bean name="userBiz2" class="com.ysq.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl2"></bean>
<bean name="personAction" class="com.ysq.ioc.web.PersonAction">
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz1"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="userAction" class="com.ysq.ioc.web.UserAction">
</bean>
<bean name="paramAction" class="com.ysq.ioc.web.ParamAction">
<!-- <property name="name" value="小白"></property> <property name="age"
value="18"></property> <property name="hobby"> <list> <value>帅哥</value> <value>帅哥</value>
<value>帅哥</value> </list> </property> -->
<constructor-arg name="name" value="周颖"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="38"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="hobby">
<list>
<value>拉屎</value>
<value>吃饭</value>
<value>睡觉</value>
</list>
</constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 目标 -->
<bean name="bookBiz" class="com.ysq.aop.biz.impl.BookBizImpl"></bean>
<!-- 前置通知 -->
<bean name="myBefore" class="com.ysq.aop.advice.MyMethodBeforeAdvice"></bean>
<!-- 后置通知 -->
<bean name="myAfter" class="com.ysq.aop.advice.MyAfterReturningAdvice"></bean>
<!-- 环绕通知 -->
<bean name="myFilterAdvice" class="com.ysq.aop.advice.MyMethodInterceptor"></bean>
<!-- 异常通知 -->
<bean name="myExceptionAdvice" class="com.ysq.aop.advice.MyThrowsAdvice"></bean>
<!--过滤通知 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor"
id="myAfter2">
<property name="advice" ref="myAfter"></property>
<!-- .*buy:[.*]任意字符0~n个,以buy结尾的方法 -->
<!-- <property name="pattern" value=".*buy"></property> -->
<property name="patterns">
<list>
<value>.*buy</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!--生成代理对象 (目标+通知) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"
id="proxyFactoryBean">
<!--ref 目标对象 -->
<property name="target" ref="bookBiz"></property>
<!-- 代理工厂生产的代理需要实现的接口列表 -->
<property name="proxyInterfaces">
<list>
<value>com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--绑定的那些通知 -->
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>myBefore</value>
<!-- <value>myAfter</value> -->
<value>myAfter2</value>
<value>myFilterAdvice</value>
<value>myExceptionAdvice</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
5、 测试类AopTest.java
package com.ysq.aop.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
public class AopTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
IBookBiz bookBiz = (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("proxyFactoryBean");
bookBiz.buy("小白", "陈情令", 19.9d);
bookBiz.comment("小白", "魏无羡太帅了");
}
}
三、前置通知
前置通知的价值在于:创建session,开启事务
1、MyMethodBeforeAdvice (要实现MethodBeforeAdvice接口):
package com.ysq.aop.advice;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;
/**
* 前置通知
* @author zjjt
*
*/
public class MyMethodBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice {
/**
* target:目标对象
* method:被触发的目标对象的方法
* args:目标对象的目标方法的携带参数
*/
public void before(Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
String clzName = target.getClass().getName();
String methodName = method.getName();
String params = Arrays.toString(args);
System.out.println("【买书、评论前加系统日志】:"+clzName + "." + methodName +"("+params+")");
}
}
2、配置spring-context.xml
<!-- 前置通知 -->
<bean name="myBefore" class="com.ysq.aop.advice.MyMethodBeforeAdvice"></bean>
<!--生成代理对象 (目标+通知) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"
id="proxyFactoryBean">
<!--ref 目标对象 -->
<property name="target" ref="bookBiz"></property>
<!-- 代理工厂生产的代理需要实现的接口列表 -->
<property name="proxyInterfaces">
<list>
<value>com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--绑定的那些通知 -->
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>myBefore</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
3、测试及运行结果
package com.ysq.aop.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
public class AopTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
IBookBiz bookBiz = (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("proxyFactoryBean");
bookBiz.buy("小白", "陈情令", 19.9d);
bookBiz.comment("小白", "魏无羡太帅了");
}
}
运行结果:
四、后置通知
相比于前置多了一个参数,返回值
1、MyAfterReturningAdvice (要实现AfterReturningAdvice接口):
package com.ysq.aop.advice;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;
/**
* 后置通知
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class MyAfterReturningAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice {
public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
String targetName = target.getClass().getName();
String methodName = method.getName();
String params = Arrays.toString(args);
String msg = "【返利通知:返利3元】:正在调用->" + targetName + "." + methodName + ",携带的参数:" + params + ";目标对象所调用的方法的返回值:"
+ returnValue;
System.out.println(msg);
}
}
2、配置spring-context.xml
<!-- 后置通知 -->
<bean name="myAfter" class="com.ysq.aop.advice.MyAfterReturningAdvice"></bean>
<!--生成代理对象 (目标+通知) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"
id="proxyFactoryBean">
<!--ref 目标对象 -->
<property name="target" ref="bookBiz"></property>
<!-- 代理工厂生产的代理需要实现的接口列表 -->
<property name="proxyInterfaces">
<list>
<value>com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--绑定的那些通知 -->
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>myAfter</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
3、测试及运行结果
package com.ysq.aop.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
public class AopTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
IBookBiz bookBiz = (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("proxyFactoryBean");
bookBiz.buy("小白", "陈情令", 19.9d);
bookBiz.comment("小白", "魏无羡太帅了");
}
}
运行结果:
五、环绕通知:包含前置+后置通知
1、环绕通知MythodInterceptor(要实现MethodInterceptor接口):
package com.ysq.aop.advice;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
/**
* 环绕通知
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class MyMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
Object target = invocation.getThis();
Method method = invocation.getMethod();
Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
// a.jsp window.open(b.jsp)
// b.jsp xxx->返回object->b.jsp window.close();window.getArguments;
String targetName = target.getClass().getName();
String methodName = method.getName();
String params = Arrays.toString(args);
String msg = "【环绕通知】:正在调用->" + targetName + "." + methodName + ",携带的参数:" + params;
System.out.println(msg);
//invocation可以执行被代理的目标对象的业务方法
Object returnValue = invocation.proceed();
String msg2 = "【环绕通知】:目标对象所调用的方法的返回值:" + returnValue;
System.out.println(msg2);
return returnValue;
}
}
2、配置spring-context.xml
<!-- 环绕通知 -->
<bean name="myFilterAdvice" class="com.ysq.aop.advice.MyMethodInterceptor"></bean>
<!--生成代理对象 (目标+通知) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"
id="proxyFactoryBean">
<!--ref 目标对象 -->
<property name="target" ref="bookBiz"></property>
<!-- 代理工厂生产的代理需要实现的接口列表 -->
<property name="proxyInterfaces">
<list>
<value>com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--绑定的那些通知 -->
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>myFilterAdvice</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
3、测试及运行结果:
package com.ysq.aop.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
public class AopTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
IBookBiz bookBiz = (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("proxyFactoryBean");
bookBiz.buy("小白", "陈情令", 19.9d);
bookBiz.comment("小白", "魏无羡太帅了");
}
}
运行结果:
六、异常通知
1、MyThrowsAdvice(要实现ThrowsAdvice接口):
package com.ysq.aop.advice;
import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;
import com.ysq.aop.exception.PriceException;
/**
* 异常通知
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class MyThrowsAdvice implements ThrowsAdvice {
public void afterThrowing( PriceException ex ) {
System.out.println("价格输入有误,购买失败,请重新输入!!!");
}
}
2、配置spring-context.xml
<!-- 异常通知 -->
<bean name="myExceptionAdvice" class="com.ysq.aop.advice.MyThrowsAdvice"></bean>
<!--生成代理对象 (目标+通知) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"
id="proxyFactoryBean">
<!--ref 目标对象 -->
<property name="target" ref="bookBiz"></property>
<!-- 代理工厂生产的代理需要实现的接口列表 -->
<property name="proxyInterfaces">
<list>
<value>com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--绑定的那些通知 -->
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>myExceptionAdvice</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
3、测试及运行结果
package com.ysq.aop.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz;
public class AopTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
IBookBiz bookBiz = (IBookBiz) applicationContext.getBean("proxyFactoryBean");
bookBiz.buy("小白", "陈情令", -19.9d);
bookBiz.comment("小白", "魏无羡太帅了");
}
}
运行结果:
六、过滤通知
过滤通知:并不是每个方法都需要通知,所有需要过滤一下
配置spring-context.xml(过滤通知替代后置通知)
<!--过滤通知 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor"
id="myAfter2">
<property name="advice" ref="myAfter"></property>
<!-- .*buy:[.*]任意字符0~n个,以buy结尾的方法 -->
<!-- <property name="pattern" value=".*buy"></property> -->
<property name="patterns">
<list>
<value>.*buy</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!--生成代理对象 (目标+通知) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"
id="proxyFactoryBean">
<!--ref 目标对象 -->
<property name="target" ref="bookBiz"></property>
<!-- 代理工厂生产的代理需要实现的接口列表 -->
<property name="proxyInterfaces">
<list>
<value>com.ysq.aop.biz.IBookBiz</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--绑定的那些通知 -->
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<!-- <value>myAfter</value> -->
<value>myAfter2</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
运行结果: