开发踩坑记录之二：谨慎使用Spring中的@Scheduled注解，并发编程面试题

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-29 14:03:48 发布

努力马斯克

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-29 14:03:48 发布

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分类专栏： 2024年程序员面试文章标签： spring java 后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_60452293/article/details/136923903

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本文详细解释了Spring框架如何处理带有@Schedule注解的方法，包括根据参数判断任务类型，如cron、fixedDelay和fixedRate，以及如何设置初始延迟和时区，并最终将任务注册到ScheduledTaskRegistrar中。

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return bean;

}

再往下继续看，Spring是如何处理带有@Schedule注解的方法的。processScheduled获取scheduled类参数，之后根据参数类型、相应的延时时间、对应的时区将定时任务放入不同的任务列表中。

protected void processScheduled(Scheduled scheduled, Method method, Object bean) {

try {

Assert.isTrue(method.getParameterCount() == 0,

“Only no-arg methods may be annotated with @Scheduled”);

//获取调用的方法

Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, bean.getClass());

//处理线程

Runnable runnable = new ScheduledMethodRunnable(bean, invocableMethod);

boolean processedSchedule = false;

String errorMessage =

“Exactly one of the ‘cron’, ‘fixedDelay(String)’, or ‘fixedRate(String)’ attributes is required”;

Set tasks = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);

// Determine initial delay

long initialDelay = scheduled.initialDelay();

String initialDelayString = scheduled.initialDelayString();

if (StringUtils.hasText(initialDelayString)) {

Assert.isTrue(initialDelay < 0, “Specify ‘initialDelay’ or ‘initialDelayString’, not both”);

if (this.embeddedValueResolver != null) {

initialDelayString = this.embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(initialDelayString);

}

if (StringUtils.hasLength(initialDelayString)) {

try {

initialDelay = parseDelayAsLong(initialDelayString);

}

catch (RuntimeException ex) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

“Invalid initialDelayString value “” + initialDelayString + “” - cannot parse into long”);

}

// 获取cron参数

String cron = scheduled.cron();

if (StringUtils.hasText(cron)) {

String zone = scheduled.zone();

if (this.embeddedValueResolver != null) {

cron = this.embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(cron);

zone = this.embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(zone);

}

if (StringUtils.hasLength(cron)) {

Assert.isTrue(initialDelay == -1, “‘initialDelay’ not supported for cron triggers”);

processedSchedule = true;

TimeZone timeZone;

if (StringUtils.hasText(zone)) {

timeZone = StringUtils.parseTimeZoneString(zone);

}

else {

timeZone = TimeZone.getDefault();

}

//加入到定时任务列表中

tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleCronTask(new CronTask(runnable, new CronTrigger(cron, timeZone))));

}

// At this point we don’t need to differentiate between initial delay set or not anymore

if (initialDelay < 0) {

initialDelay = 0;

}

// Check fixed delay

long fixedDelay = scheduled.fixedDelay();

if (fixedDelay >= 0) {

Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);

processedSchedule = true;

tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleFixedDelayTask(new FixedDelayTask(runnable, fixedDelay, initialDelay)));

}

String fixedDelayString = scheduled.fixedDelayString();

if (StringUtils.hasText(fixedDelayString)) {

if (this.embeddedValueResolver != null) {

fixedDelayString = this.embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(fixedDelayString);

}

if (StringUtils.hasLength(fixedDelayString)) {

Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);

processedSchedule = true;

try {

fixedDelay = parseDelayAsLong(fixedDelayString);

}

catch (RuntimeException ex) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

“Invalid fixedDelayString value “” + fixedDelayString + “” - cannot parse into long”);

}

tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleFixedDelayTask(new FixedDelayTask(runnable, fixedDelay, initialDelay)));

}

// 执行频率的类型为long

long fixedRate = scheduled.fixedRate();

if (fixedRate >= 0) {

Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);

processedSchedule = true;

tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleFixedRateTask(new FixedRateTask(runnable, fixedRate, initialDelay)));

}

String fixedRateString = scheduled.fixedRateString();

if (StringUtils.hasText(fixedRateString)) {

if (this.embeddedValueResolver != null) {

fixedRateString = this.embeddedValueResolver.resolveStringValue(fixedRateString);

}

if (StringUtils.hasLength(fixedRateString)) {

Assert.isTrue(!processedSchedule, errorMessage);

processedSchedule = true;

try {

fixedRate = parseDelayAsLong(fixedRateString);

}

catch (RuntimeException ex) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(

“Invalid fixedRateString value “” + fixedRateString + “” - cannot parse into long”);

}

tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleFixedRateTask(new FixedRateTask(runnable, fixedRate, initialDelay)));

}

// Check whether we had any attribute set

Assert.isTrue(processedSchedule, errorMessage);

// Finally register the scheduled tasks

synchronized (this.scheduledTasks) {

Set registeredTasks = this.scheduledTasks.get(bean);

if (registeredTasks == null) {

registeredTasks = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);

this.scheduledTasks.put(bean, registeredTasks);

}

registeredTasks.addAll(tasks);

}

catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {

throw new IllegalStateException(

“Encountered invalid @Scheduled method '” + method.getName() + "': " + ex.getMessage());

}

满足条件时将定时任务添加到定时任务列表中，在加入任务列表的同时对定时任务进行注册。ScheduledTaskRegistrar这个类为Spring容器的定时任务注册中心。以下为ScheduledTaskRegistrar部分源码，主要说明该类中包含的属性。Spring容器通过线程处理注册的定时任务。

public class ScheduledTaskRegistrar implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {

private TaskScheduler taskScheduler;

private ScheduledExecutorService localExecutor;

private List triggerTasks;

private List cronTasks;

private List fixedRateTasks;

private List fixedDelayTasks;

private final Map<Task, ScheduledTask> unresolvedTasks = new HashMap<Task, ScheduledTask>(16);

private final Set scheduledTasks = new LinkedHashSet(16);

…

}

ScheduledTaskRegistrar类中在处理定时任务时会调用scheduleCronTask方法初始化定时任务。