12、Kubernetes中KubeProxy实现之iptables和ipvs_ipvs和iptables(1)

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-23 11:39:44 发布

努力马斯克

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-23 11:39:44 发布

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分类专栏： 2024年程序员学习文章标签： kubernetes 容器云原生

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_60452293/article/details/137388164

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app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:

name: nginx
image: nginx

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-basic
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:

port: 80
protocol: TCP
name: http
selector:
app: nginx

我们这里创建一个副本数量为3的nginx pod，并创建一个对应的service对外暴露服务，service类型为ClusterIP。

创建完成后，资源如下：

$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-deployment-748c667d99-dtr82 1/1 Running 0 38m 192.168.1.3 node01
nginx-deployment-748c667d99-jzpqf 1/1 Running 0 38m 192.168.0.7 controlplane
nginx-deployment-748c667d99-whgr5 1/1 Running 0 38m 192.168.1.4 node01

$ kubectl get svc nginx-basic -o wide
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
nginx-basic ClusterIP 10.105.250.129 80/TCP 39m app=nginx

可以看到，三个pod的IP分别为192.168.1.3、192.168.0.7、192.168.1.4。service的ClusterIP地址为10.105.250.129。

下面我们通过【iptables-save -t nat】命令输出iptables中nat表的信息，说明iptables如何实现转发。

$ iptables-save -t nat

Generated by iptables-save v1.8.4 on Mon Feb 20 01:52:41 2023

*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [11:660]
:INPUT ACCEPT [11:660]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [4706:282406]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [4706:282406]
:DOCKER - [0:0]
:KUBE-KUBELET-CANARY - [0:0]
:KUBE-MARK-DROP - [0:0]
:KUBE-MARK-MASQ - [0:0]
:KUBE-NODEPORTS - [0:0]
:KUBE-POSTROUTING - [0:0]
:KUBE-PROXY-CANARY - [0:0]
:KUBE-SEP-ABG426TTTCGMOND7 - [0:0]
:KUBE-SEP-BEMSLTMJA26ZCLYL - [0:0]
:KUBE-SEP-D23ODROEH5R4FSGE - [0:0]
:KUBE-SEP-G44RJ25JKAEOKO42 - [0:0]
:KUBE-SEP-GHNVWKROTCCBFQKZ - [0:0]
:KUBE-SEP-NGZXZA7GIJDM26Z3 - [0:0]
:KUBE-SEP-NH2YM7NDCNPLOCTP - [0:0]
:KUBE-SEP-UF65ZV4QBOPNRP6O - [0:0]
:KUBE-SEP-UG4OSZR4VSWZ27C5 - [0:0]
:KUBE-SEP-WQR67ZLSTPDXXME4 - [0:0]
:KUBE-SERVICES - [0:0]
:KUBE-SVC-ERIFXISQEP7F7OF4 - [0:0]
:KUBE-SVC-JD5MR3NA4I4DYORP - [0:0]
:KUBE-SVC-NPX46M4PTMTKRN6Y - [0:0]
:KUBE-SVC-TCOU7JCQXEZGVUNU - [0:0]
:KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW - [0:0]
:cali-OUTPUT - [0:0]
:cali-POSTROUTING - [0:0]
:cali-PREROUTING - [0:0]
:cali-fip-dnat - [0:0]
:cali-fip-snat - [0:0]
:cali-nat-outgoing - [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -m comment --comment “cali:6gwbT8clXdHdC1b1” -j cali-PREROUTING
-A PREROUTING -m comment --comment “kubernetes service portals” -j KUBE-SERVICES
-A PREROUTING -m addrtype --dst-type LOCAL -j DOCKER
-A OUTPUT -m comment --comment “cali:tVnHkvAo15HuiPy0” -j cali-OUTPUT
-A OUTPUT -m comment --comment “kubernetes service portals” -j KUBE-SERVICES
-A OUTPUT ! -d 127.0.0.0/8 -m addrtype --dst-type LOCAL -j DOCKER
-A POSTROUTING -m comment --comment “cali:O3lYWMrLQYEMJtB5” -j cali-POSTROUTING
-A POSTROUTING -m comment --comment “kubernetes postrouting rules” -j KUBE-POSTROUTING
-A POSTROUTING -s 172.17.0.0/16 ! -o docker0 -j MASQUERADE
-A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/16 -d 192.168.0.0/16 -j RETURN
-A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/16 ! -d 224.0.0.0/4 -j MASQUERADE --random-fully
-A POSTROUTING ! -s 192.168.0.0/16 -d 192.168.0.0/24 -j RETURN
-A POSTROUTING ! -s 192.168.0.0/16 -d 192.168.0.0/16 -j MASQUERADE --random-fully
-A DOCKER -i docker0 -j RETURN
-A KUBE-MARK-DROP -j MARK --set-xmark 0x8000/0x8000
-A KUBE-MARK-MASQ -j MARK --set-xmark 0x4000/0x4000
-A KUBE-POSTROUTING -m mark ! --mark 0x4000/0x4000 -j RETURN
-A KUBE-POSTROUTING -j MARK --set-xmark 0x4000/0x0
-A KUBE-POSTROUTING -m comment --comment “kubernetes service traffic requiring SNAT” -j MASQUERADE --random-fully
-A KUBE-SEP-ABG426TTTCGMOND7 -s 192.168.1.2/32 -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp” -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SEP-ABG426TTTCGMOND7 -p tcp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp” -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.2:53
-A KUBE-SEP-BEMSLTMJA26ZCLYL -s 192.168.0.7/32 -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http” -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SEP-BEMSLTMJA26ZCLYL -p tcp -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http” -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.7:80
-A KUBE-SEP-D23ODROEH5R4FSGE -s 172.30.1.2/32 -m comment --comment “default/kubernetes:https” -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SEP-D23ODROEH5R4FSGE -p tcp -m comment --comment “default/kubernetes:https” -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 172.30.1.2:6443
-A KUBE-SEP-G44RJ25JKAEOKO42 -s 192.168.0.6/32 -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp” -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SEP-G44RJ25JKAEOKO42 -p tcp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp” -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.6:53
-A KUBE-SEP-GHNVWKROTCCBFQKZ -s 192.168.1.2/32 -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns” -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SEP-GHNVWKROTCCBFQKZ -p udp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns” -m udp -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.2:53
-A KUBE-SEP-NGZXZA7GIJDM26Z3 -s 192.168.0.6/32 -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns” -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SEP-NGZXZA7GIJDM26Z3 -p udp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns” -m udp -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.6:53
-A KUBE-SEP-NH2YM7NDCNPLOCTP -s 192.168.0.6/32 -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:metrics” -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SEP-NH2YM7NDCNPLOCTP -p tcp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:metrics” -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.6:9153
-A KUBE-SEP-UF65ZV4QBOPNRP6O -s 192.168.1.3/32 -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http” -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SEP-UF65ZV4QBOPNRP6O -p tcp -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http” -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.3:80
-A KUBE-SEP-UG4OSZR4VSWZ27C5 -s 192.168.1.2/32 -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:metrics” -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SEP-UG4OSZR4VSWZ27C5 -p tcp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:metrics” -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.2:9153
-A KUBE-SEP-WQR67ZLSTPDXXME4 -s 192.168.1.4/32 -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http” -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SEP-WQR67ZLSTPDXXME4 -p tcp -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http” -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.4:80
-A KUBE-SERVICES -d 10.96.0.10/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp cluster IP” -m tcp --dport 53 -j KUBE-SVC-ERIFXISQEP7F7OF4
-A KUBE-SERVICES -d 10.96.0.10/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:metrics cluster IP” -m tcp --dport 9153 -j KUBE-SVC-JD5MR3NA4I4DYORP
-A KUBE-SERVICES -d 10.96.0.10/32 -p udp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns cluster IP” -m udp --dport 53 -j KUBE-SVC-TCOU7JCQXEZGVUNU
-A KUBE-SERVICES -d 10.105.250.129/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http cluster IP” -m tcp --dport 80 -j KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW
-A KUBE-SERVICES -d 10.96.0.1/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment “default/kubernetes:https cluster IP” -m tcp --dport 443 -j KUBE-SVC-NPX46M4PTMTKRN6Y
-A KUBE-SERVICES -m comment --comment “kubernetes service nodeports; NOTE: this must be the last rule in this chain” -m addrtype --dst-type LOCAL -j KUBE-NODEPORTS
-A KUBE-SVC-ERIFXISQEP7F7OF4 ! -s 192.168.0.0/16 -d 10.96.0.10/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp cluster IP” -m tcp --dport 53 -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SVC-ERIFXISQEP7F7OF4 -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp -> 192.168.0.6:53” -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.50000000000 -j KUBE-SEP-G44RJ25JKAEOKO42
-A KUBE-SVC-ERIFXISQEP7F7OF4 -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp -> 192.168.1.2:53” -j KUBE-SEP-ABG426TTTCGMOND7
-A KUBE-SVC-JD5MR3NA4I4DYORP ! -s 192.168.0.0/16 -d 10.96.0.10/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:metrics cluster IP” -m tcp --dport 9153 -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SVC-JD5MR3NA4I4DYORP -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:metrics -> 192.168.0.6:9153” -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.50000000000 -j KUBE-SEP-NH2YM7NDCNPLOCTP
-A KUBE-SVC-JD5MR3NA4I4DYORP -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:metrics -> 192.168.1.2:9153” -j KUBE-SEP-UG4OSZR4VSWZ27C5
-A KUBE-SVC-NPX46M4PTMTKRN6Y ! -s 192.168.0.0/16 -d 10.96.0.1/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment “default/kubernetes:https cluster IP” -m tcp --dport 443 -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SVC-NPX46M4PTMTKRN6Y -m comment --comment “default/kubernetes:https -> 172.30.1.2:6443” -j KUBE-SEP-D23ODROEH5R4FSGE
-A KUBE-SVC-TCOU7JCQXEZGVUNU ! -s 192.168.0.0/16 -d 10.96.0.10/32 -p udp -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns cluster IP” -m udp --dport 53 -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SVC-TCOU7JCQXEZGVUNU -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns -> 192.168.0.6:53” -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.50000000000 -j KUBE-SEP-NGZXZA7GIJDM26Z3
-A KUBE-SVC-TCOU7JCQXEZGVUNU -m comment --comment “kube-system/kube-dns:dns -> 192.168.1.2:53” -j KUBE-SEP-GHNVWKROTCCBFQKZ
-A KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW ! -s 192.168.0.0/16 -d 10.105.250.129/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http cluster IP” -m tcp --dport 80 -j KUBE-MARK-MASQ
-A KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http -> 192.168.0.7:80” -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.33333333349 -j KUBE-SEP-BEMSLTMJA26ZCLYL
-A KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http -> 192.168.1.3:80” -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.50000000000 -j KUBE-SEP-UF65ZV4QBOPNRP6O
-A KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http -> 192.168.1.4:80” -j KUBE-SEP-WQR67ZLSTPDXXME4
-A cali-OUTPUT -m comment --comment “cali:GBTAv2p5CwevEyJm” -j cali-fip-dnat
-A cali-POSTROUTING -m comment --comment “cali:Z-c7XtVd2Bq7s_hA” -j cali-fip-snat
-A cali-POSTROUTING -m comment --comment “cali:nYKhEzDlr11Jccal” -j cali-nat-outgoing
-A cali-PREROUTING -m comment --comment “cali:r6XmIziWUJsdOK6Z” -j cali-fip-dnat
-A cali-nat-outgoing -m comment --comment “cali:flqWnvo8yq4ULQLa” -m set --match-set cali40masq-ipam-pools src -m set ! --match-set cali40all-ipam-pools dst -j MASQUERADE --random-fully
COMMIT

iptables-save命令，可以查看当前所有的iptables规则，涉及到k8s的比较多，基本在每个链上都有，包括一些SNAT的，就是Pod访问外部的地址的时候，需要做一下NAT转换，我们只看涉及到Service负载均衡的。

首先，PREROUTING和OUTPUT都加了一个KUBE-SERVICES规则，也就是进来的包和出去的包都要都走一下KUBE-SERVICES规则。

-A PREROUTING -m comment --comment “kubernetes service portals” -j KUBE-SERVICES

-A OUTPUT -m comment --comment “kubernetes service portals” -j KUBE-SERVICES

接着，因为我们service的ClusterIP地址为10.105.250.129，所以我们从nat表中找出跟10.105.250.129有关的转发规则。

-A KUBE-SERVICES -d 10.105.250.129/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http cluster IP” -m tcp --dport 80 -j KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW

可以看到，当目标地址是10.105.250.129/32并且目标端口是80的，也就是这个服务的ClusterIP，走到KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW规则，这个规则其实就是Kube-Proxy。

下面我们查看KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW规则：

-A KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http -> 192.168.0.7:80” -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.33333333349 -j KUBE-SEP-BEMSLTMJA26ZCLYL
-A KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http -> 192.168.1.3:80” -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.50000000000 -j KUBE-SEP-UF65ZV4QBOPNRP6O
-A KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http -> 192.168.1.4:80” -j KUBE-SEP-WQR67ZLSTPDXXME4

可以看到，KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW又对应了三条规则，分别来看下：

1)、第一条规则

-A KUBE-SVC-WWRFY3PZ7W3FGMQW -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http -> 192.168.0.7:80” -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.33333333349 -j KUBE-SEP-BEMSLTMJA26ZCLYL

这条规则对应的又会走KUBE-SEP-BEMSLTMJA26ZCLYL规则

-A KUBE-SEP-BEMSLTMJA26ZCLYL -p tcp -m comment --comment “default/nginx-basic:http” -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.0.7:80

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