关于Kotlin语法，这一篇就够了！，深度剖析原理

*/

var nullableString1: String? = “abc” //?可为空, 不加?则不能为空

var nullableString2: String? = null

println(nullableString1?.length)//?.如果为空则返回null, 不为空则返回实际值

println(nullableString2?.length)

println(nullableString2?.length ?: “i am null”)//?:如果为空则用:后面的赋值

// println(nullableString2!!.length)//!!如果为空则强制抛异常

var nameNullable: String? = null

var len = nameNullable?.length

println(len == null)

/*

5. 延迟初始化: lateinit var, by lazy

*/

lateinit var lateInitByLateinit: String//lateinit var只能用来修饰类属性, 不能用来修饰局部变量和基本类型

fun testLateInit() {

lateInitByLateinit = “this is a lateinit string”

}

testLateInit()

println(lateInitByLateinit)

//by lazy用来修饰val变量, 可以用来修饰局部变量和基本类型，等下一次调用到的时候才会进行初始化

val lazyByLazy: String by lazy {

println(“here is lazy init”)

“Zoo”

}

println(lazyByLazy)//lazyByLazy被调用到了，开始初始化，执行println(“here is lazy init”)，并且赋值"Zoo"

/*

6. is 判断类型

*/

val isString: String? = “kotlin”

if (isString is String) {

println(“it’s string”)

}

/*

7. as 类型转换

*/

val y: Int? = 123;

val x: String? = y as? String;

println(x);

/*

8. 方法

*/

//step1: 标准写法

fun method1(name: String): String {

return “hello $name”

}

//step2: 如果返回值类型可以由编译器推断出来，则可以省略返回值类型

fun method2(name: String) = {

“hello $name”

}

//step3: 函数只有单个表达式，则可以省略花括号，直接写在=后

fun method3(name: String) = “hello $name”

//step4: 具有代码块的函数，必须显示指明返回类型

fun method4(): Int {

println(“this is 100”)

return 100

}

println(method1(“kotlin1”))

println(method2(“kotlin2”))

println(method3(“kotlin3”))

println(method4())

//void返回类型

fun testVoid(): Unit {//Unit = java’s void

println(“this is a void fun”)

}

fun testVoidWithoutUnit() {

println(“this is a void fun without unit”)

}

fun methodWithMultipleArgs(vararg name: String) {//多个参数

println(“params size is ${name.size}”)

}

methodWithMultipleArgs(“aaron”)

methodWithMultipleArgs(“aaron”, “beyond”)

fun methodWithOneLine(age: Int): Boolean = age == 20

println(methodWithOneLine(20))

//@JvmStatic and @JvmField

println(JvmClass.name);

//方法入参可以指定默认值

fun sayHello(who: String = “Jerry”, msg: String = “Hello”) {

println(“$who - said - $msg”)

}

sayHello()

/*

9.1 Class

*/

//open表示此类可以被继承, 用在函数上面表示此函数可以被重写

open class KotlinClass(val name: String) {

open fun print(content: String?) {

println(this.name + content)

}

}

val kotlinClass = KotlinClass(“Charles”)

kotlinClass.print(" say: hello")

/*

9.2 Class extends Class and Implements interface

*/

class SubKotlinClass(name: String) : KotlinClass(name), CallBack { //父类构造函数直接赋值, 不再调用super

override fun getName(id: Int) {

println(“id = $id”)

}

override fun print(content: String?) {

println(this.name + content + “!!!”)

}

}

val subKotlinClass = SubKotlinClass(“Sub”)

subKotlinClass.print(" say: hello")

/*

9.3 Class with primary constructor, 主构造器定义在类头部, 因此需要init空间做初始化

*/

class KotlinClassConstructor1 constructor(name: String) {

val name: String

init {

this.name = name

}

}

val kotlinClassConstructor1 = KotlinClassConstructor1(“Jack”)

println(“kotlinClassConstructor:${kotlinClassConstructor1.name}”)

/*

9.4 Class with primary constructor, 主构造器定义在类头部, 也可以在类的属性初始化声明处

*/

class KotlinClassConstructor2 constructor(name: String) {

val prop: String = name.toUpperCase()

}

/*

9.5 Class with primary constructor, 如果主构造函数没有注解或可见性说明，则 constructor 关键字可以省略

*/

class KotlinClassConstructor3(name: String) {

}

/*

9.6 Class with primary constructor, 声明属性并在主构造函数中初始化更简洁的写法

*/

cl