### 2. debian 和 ubnutu 的关系
Ubuntu 与 Debian 使用相同的 deb 软件包格式,可以安装绝大多数为 Debian 编译的软件包,虽然不能保证完全兼容,但大多数情况是
### 3. debian 和 Centos 的关系
没什么关系.Debian 名字比较难念正确.
Debian 的版本命名更好玩一些,以电影<玩具总动员里>的人物命令
## 二.debian的安装
### 1.新建虚拟机
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105133145.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105143560.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105152102.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105202807.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105224481.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105233980.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105254440.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105305688.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105313434.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105321952.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105332870.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105343932.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105353612.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
### 2.进入安装界面
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105435826.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105445782.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105456171.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105507409.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105517703.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
### 3.配置网络
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105528792.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105541232.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105550778.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105600566.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105613365.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105622943.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105634808.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105645519.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
### 4.设置用户名和密码
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105658881.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105708146.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105726733.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105738586.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
### 5.磁盘分区
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105746811.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105757101.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105811288.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105823546.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020070410583793.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
### 6.配置软件包管理器
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105848660.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105902777.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105920219.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105933569.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105945333.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704105957996.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704110008802.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704110020627.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
***问题及反思***
1.解决root用户没法连接xshell的问题
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704110045179.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
systemctl restart sshd
2.在安装的时候不配置网络速度会更快,
1)中途退出安装重新安装的方法
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704110829570.png)
按F10,再次进入安装界面,配置网络那里选择”现在不进行网络配置“
2)进行网卡配置
vim /etc/network/interfaces
#The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.0.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 10.0.0.2
ifup eth0
3)配置dns
vim /etc/resolv.conf
search unassigned-domain
nameserver 10.0.0.2
4)连接网卡
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704111436582.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
5)启动网络
/etc/init.d/networking restart
## 三.debian配置
### 1.更新软件源
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/debian/
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704113405856.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDczNjM1OQ==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
root@debian:~# vi /etc/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security jessie/updates main contrib non-free
root@debian:~# apt install apt-transport-https
root@debian:~# apt-get update
### 2.安装常用软件
root@debian:~# apt-get install vim lsof tree -y
### 3.使用ll命令
root@debian:~# vim .bashrc
~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
Note: PS1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. You should not
need this unless you want different defaults for root.
PS1='KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got 'EOF' at end of input: …ebian_chroot:+(debian_chroot)}\h:\w$ ’
umask 022
You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls’ to be colorized:
打开这一行:
export LS_OPTIONS=‘–color=auto’
eval “dircolors
”
alias ls=‘ls $LS_OPTIONS’
alias ll=‘ls $LS_OPTIONS -l’
alias l=‘ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA’
Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
打开这一行:
alias rm=‘rm -i’
alias cp=‘cp -i’
alias mv=‘mv -i’
root@debian:~# source .bashrc
### 4.创建用户
root@debian:~# useradd lbzy
root@debian:~# mkdir /home/lbzy
root@debian:~# chown -R lbzy:lbzy /home/lbzy
root@debian:~# vim /etc/passwd
lbzy❌1001:1002::/home/lbzy:/bin/sh
把这一行改为
lbzy❌1001:1002::/home/lbzy:/bin/bash
root@debian:~# su - lbzy
lbzy@debian:~$
原因:
在centos7中:[root@web01 ~]# ll /bin/sh
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 Nov 16 04:49 /bin/sh -> bash 软链接是直接到bash
在debian中:root@debian:~# ll /bin/sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 11月 8 2014 /bin/sh -> dash
### 5.配置仓库
#### 5.1 环境准备
服务端:debian-100 ip地址:10.0.0.100
客户端:debian-200 ip地址:10.0.0.200
#### 5.2 安装部署nginx
在服务端:
root@debian-100:~# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user www; #修改这一行
#include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/* #删除这一行
mail … #删掉mail后面的部分
root@debian-100:~# groupadd www -g 888
root@debian-100:~# useradd www -u 888 -g 888 -M -s /sbin/nologin
root@debian-100:~# mkdir -p /data/mydeb/
root@debian-100:/etc/nginx/conf.d# cat > /etc/nginx/conf.d/apt-deb.conf<<EOF
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
autoindex on;
location / {
index index.html index.htm;
root /data/mydeb/;
}
}
EOF
root@debian-100:~# chown -R www:www /data/
root@debian-100:~# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
root@debian-100:~# systemctl restart nginx(因为默认已经启动,所以这里必须使用restart)
访问成功:
http://10.0.0.100:8080
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200704154444374.png)
#### 5.3 搭建仓库
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9a8cb5f8c0ec69e6499adead0da6e95b.png)
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内容简介
====
本书是获得了很多读者好评的Linux经典畅销书**《Linux从入门到精通》的第2版**。本书第1版出版后曾经多次印刷,并被51CTO读书频道评为“最受读者喜爱的原创IT技术图书奖”。本书第﹖版以最新的Ubuntu 12.04为版本,循序渐进地向读者介绍了Linux 的基础应用、系统管理、网络应用、娱乐和办公、程序开发、服务器配置、系统安全等。本书附带1张光盘,内容为本书配套多媒体教学视频。另外,本书还为读者提供了大量的Linux学习资料和Ubuntu安装镜像文件,供读者免费下载。
![华为18级工程师呕心沥血撰写3000页Linux学习笔记教程](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/9d4aefb6a92edea27b825e59aa1f2c54.png)
**本书适合广大Linux初中级用户、开源软件爱好者和大专院校的学生阅读,同时也非常适合准备从事Linux平台开发的各类人员。**
> 需要《Linux入门到精通》、《linux系统移植》、《Linux驱动开发入门实战》、《Linux开源网络全栈》电子书籍及教程的工程师朋友们劳烦您转发+评论