【Golang文件操作】

---

一、打开文件和关闭文件

1）概念

2）

package main
import(
	"fmt"
	"os"
)
func main(){
	file,err:=os.Open("d:/test.txt")
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Println("open err",err)
	}
	fmt.Println("file=",file)
	err=file.Close()
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Println("close err",err)
	}
}

---

二、读文件操作应用实例

1）带缓存

package main
import(
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"bufio"
	"io"
)
func main(){
	file,err:=os.Open("d:/test.txt")
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Println("open err",err)
	}
	defer file.Close()
	reader:=bufio.NewReader(file)
	for{
		content,err:=reader.ReadString('\n')
		if err==io.EOF{
			break
		}
		fmt.Print(content)
	}
	fmt.Println("文件读取结束")
}

2）不带缓存

package main
import(
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
)
func main(){
	file:="d:/test.txt"
	content,err:=ioutil.ReadFile(file)
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Println("read err ",err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("%v",string(content))
}

---

三、写文件操作应用实例

package main
import(
	"fmt"
	"bufio"
	"os"
)
func main(){
	filePath:="d:/a.txt"
	file,err:=os.OpenFile(filePath,os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREAT,0666)
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Println("open err",err)
	}
	defer file.Close()
	str:="hello world\n"
	writer:=bufio.NewWriter(file)
	for i:=0;i<5;i++{
		writer.WriteString(str)
	}
	writer.Flush()
}

使用 ioutil.ReadFile / ioutil.WriteFile 完成写文件的任务

package main
import(
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"bufio"
	"io"
)
func main(){
	filePath:="d:/test.txt"
	file,err:=os.OpenFile(filePath,os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND,0666)
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Println("open err",err)
		return 
	}
	defer file.Close()
	reader:=bufio.NewReader(file)
	for{
		content,err:=reader.ReadString('\n')
		if err==io.EOF{
			break
		}
		fmt.Print(content)
	}
	writer:=bufio.NewWriter(file)
	str:="hello,北京\n"
	for i:=0;i<5;i++{
		writer.WriteString(str)
	}
	writer.Flush()
}

---

四、文件编程实例

拷贝文件

package main
import(
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"io"
	"bufio"
)
func CopyFile(des string ,src string)(written int64,err error){
	s,err:=os.Open(src)
	if err!=nil(
		fmt.Println("open err",err)
	)
	defer s.Close()
	reader:=bufio.NewReader(s)
	// for{
	// 	content,err:=reader.ReadString('\n')
	// 	if err==io.EOF{
	// 		break
	// 	}
	// 	fmt.Print(content)
	// }
	d,err:=os.OpenFile(des,os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREAT,0666)
	if err!=nil(
		fmt.Println("open err2",err)
		return 
	)
	writer:=bufio.WriteString(d)
	defer d.Close()
	return io.Copy(writer,reader)

}
func main(){
	src:="d:/test.txt"
	dest:="d:/abc.txt"
	-,err:=CopyFile(src,dest)
	if err==nil{
		fmt.Println("拷贝完成")
	}else{
		fmt.Println("拷贝失败",err)
	}

}

---

五、命令行参数

1）说明

2）代码

func main(){
	fmt.Println("命令行的参数",len(os.Args))
	for i,v:=range os.Args{
		fmt.Printf("Args[%v]=%v\n",i,v)
	}
}

---

六、JSON基本介绍

1）介绍
2）格式

---

七、JSON的序列化

对于结构体的序列化，如果我们希望序列化后的 key的名字，又我们自己重新制定，那么可以给struct指定一个 tag 标签

package main
import(
	"fmt"
	"encoding/json"
)
type Monster struct{
	Name string`json:"name"`
	Age int`json:"age"`
	Birthday string`json:"birthday"`
	Sal float64
	Skill string
}
func testStruct(){
	monster:=Monster{
		Name:"牛魔王",
		Age : 500, 
		Birthday : "2011-11-11",
		 Sal : 8000.0, 
		 Skill : "牛魔拳",
	}
	data ,err:=json.Marshal(&monster)
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Println("序列化失败：",err)
	}
	fmt.Println("monster序列化之后的结果=%v\n",string(data))
}
func testMap(){
	var a map[string]interface{}
	a=make(map[string]interface{})
	a["name"] = "红孩儿"
	 a["age"] = 30
	a["address"] = "洪崖"
	data,err:=json.Marshal(a)
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Println("序列化失败：",err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("map序列化后=%v\n",string(data))
}
func testSlice(){
	var slice []map[string]interface{}
	var m1 map[string]interface{}
	m1=make(map[string]interface{})
	m1["name"] = "jack" 
	m1["age"] = "7" 
	m1["address"] = "北京"
	slice = append(slice,m1)
	var m2 map[string]interface{}
	m2=make(map[string]interface{})
	m2["name"] = "tom" 
	m2["age"] = "20" 
	m2["address"] = [2]string{"墨西哥","夏威夷"}
	slice = append(slice,m2)
	data ,err:=json.Marshal(slice)
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Println("序列化失败：",err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("slice序列化后=%v\n",string(data))
}

func main(){
	testStruct()
	testMap()
	testSlice()
}

---

八、JSON的反序列化

package main
import(
	"fmt"
	"encoding/json"
)
type Monster struct {
	Name string
	Age int
	Birthday string //.... Sal float64
	Skill string
}
func unmarshalSturct(){
	str:= "{\"Name\":\"牛魔王\",\"Age\":500,\"Birthday\":\"2011-11-11\",\"Sal\":8000,\"Skill\":\"牛魔拳\"}"
	var monster Monster
	err:=json.Unmarshal([]byte(str),&monster)
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Printf("unmarshal err=%v\n", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("反序列化后：monster=%v\n",monster)
}
func unmarshalMap(){
	str := "{\"address\":\"洪崖洞\",\"age\":30,\"name\":\"红孩儿\"}"
	var a map[string]interface{}
	err:=json.Unmarshal([]byte(str),&a)
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Printf("unmarshal err=%v\n", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("反序列化后：a=%v\n",a)
}
func unmarshalSlice(){
	str:= "[{\"address\":\"北京\",\"age\":\"7\",\"name\":\"jack\"}," +
	"{\"address\":[\"墨西哥\",\"夏威夷\"],\"age\":\"20\",\"name\":\"tom\"}]"
	 var slice []map[string]interface{}
	err:=json.Unmarshal([]byte(str),&slice)
	if err!=nil{
		fmt.Printf("unmarshal err=%v\n", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("反序列化后：slice=%v\n",slice)
}
func main(){
	unmarshalSturct()
	unmarshalMap()
	unmarshalSlice()
}

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总结

本文仅仅简单介绍了Golang文件操作，此篇是通过b站尚硅谷Golang视频的学习做的笔记。