多进程实现客户端与服务端通信

        在不使用多进程时（一个客户一个服务器）进行通信的例子不仅功能简单，而且简单到几乎没有什么错误处理，我们知道，系统调用不能保证每次都成功，必须进行出错处理，这样一方面可以保证程序逻辑正常，另一方面可以迅速得到故障信息。

        为使错误处理的代码不影响主程序的可读性，提高编程效率我们把与socket相关的一些系统函数加上错误处理代码包装成新的函数，做成一个模块wrap.c：

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <strings.h>

void perr_exit(const char *s)
{
	perror(s);
	exit(-1);
}

int Accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr)
{
	int n;

again:
	if ((n = accept(fd, sa, salenptr)) < 0) {
		if ((errno == ECONNABORTED) || (errno == EINTR))
			goto again;
		else
			perr_exit("accept error");
	}
	return n;
}

int Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen)
{
    int n;

	if ((n = bind(fd, sa, salen)) < 0)
		perr_exit("bind error");

    return n;
}

int Connect(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen)
{
    int n;

	if ((n = connect(fd, sa, salen)) < 0)
		perr_exit("connect error");

    return n;
}

int Listen(int fd, int backlog)
{
    int n;

	if ((n = listen(fd, backlog)) < 0)
		perr_exit("listen error");

    return n;
}

int Socket(int family, int type, int protocol)
{
	int n;

	if ((n = socket(family, type, protocol)) < 0)
		perr_exit("socket error");

	return n;
}

ssize_t Read(int fd, void *ptr, size_t nbytes)
{
	ssize_t n;

again:
	if ( (n = read(fd, ptr, nbytes)) == -1) {
		if (errno == EINTR)
			goto again;
		else
			return -1;
	}
	return n;
}

ssize_t Write(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes)
{
	ssize_t n;

again:
	if ( (n = write(fd, ptr, nbytes)) == -1) {
		if (errno == EINTR)
			goto again;
		else
			return -1;
	}
	return n;
}

int Close(int fd)
{
    int n;
	if ((n = close(fd)) == -1)
		perr_exit("close error");

    return n;
}

/*参三: 应该读取的字节数*/
ssize_t Readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n)
{
	size_t  nleft;              //usigned int 剩余未读取的字节数
	ssize_t nread;              //int 实际读到的字节数
	char   *ptr;

	ptr = vptr;
	nleft = n;

	while (nleft > 0) {
		if ((nread = read(fd, ptr, nleft)) < 0) {
			if (errno == EINTR)
				nread = 0;
			else
				return -1;
		} else if (nread == 0)
			break;

		nleft -= nread;
		ptr += nread;
	}
	return n - nleft;
}

ssize_t Writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n)
{
	size_t nleft;
	ssize_t nwritten;
	const char *ptr;

	ptr = vptr;
	nleft = n;
	while (nleft > 0) {
		if ( (nwritten = write(fd, ptr, nleft)) <= 0) {
			if (nwritten < 0 && errno == EINTR)
				nwritten = 0;
			else
				return -1;
		}

		nleft -= nwritten;
		ptr += nwritten;
	}
	return n;
}

static ssize_t my_read(int fd, char *ptr)
{
	static int read_cnt;
	static char *read_ptr;
	static char read_buf[100];

	if (read_cnt <= 0) {
again:
		if ( (read_cnt = read(fd, read_buf, sizeof(read_buf))) < 0) {
			if (errno == EINTR)
				goto again;
			return -1;
		} else if (read_cnt == 0)
			return 0;
		read_ptr = read_buf;
	}
	read_cnt--;
	*ptr = *read_ptr++;

	return 1;
}

ssize_t Readline(int fd, void *vptr, size_t maxlen)
{
	ssize_t n, rc;
	char    c, *ptr;

	ptr = vptr;
	for (n = 1; n < maxlen; n++) {
		if ( (rc = my_read(fd, &c)) == 1) {
			*ptr++ = c;
			if (c  == '\n')
				break;
		} else if (rc == 0) {
			*ptr = 0;
			return n - 1;
		} else
			return -1;
	}
	*ptr  = 0;

	return n;
}

int tcp4bind(short port,const char *IP)
{
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    int lfd = Socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    bzero(&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
    if(IP == NULL){
        //如果这样使用 0.0.0.0,任意ip将可以连接
        serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    }else{
        if(inet_pton(AF_INET,IP,&serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr) <= 0){
            perror(IP);//转换失败
            exit(1);
        }
    }
    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port   = htons(port);
    Bind(lfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
    return lfd;
}

wrap.h

#ifndef __WRAP_H_
#define __WRAP_H_
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <strings.h>

void perr_exit(const char *s);
int Accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr);
int Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen);
int Connect(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen);
int Listen(int fd, int backlog);
int Socket(int family, int type, int protocol);
ssize_t Read(int fd, void *ptr, size_t nbytes);
ssize_t Write(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes);
int Close(int fd);
ssize_t Readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n);
ssize_t Writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n);
ssize_t my_read(int fd, char *ptr);
ssize_t Readline(int fd, void *vptr, size_t maxlen);
int tcp4bind(short port,const char *IP);
#endif

 

 在以上的基础上进行服务端代码的编写：

server.c

//多进程版本的网络服务器
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include "wrap.h"

int main()
{
	//创建socket
	int lfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);//ipv4,tcp协议
	
	//绑定
	struct sockaddr_in serv;
	bzero(&serv, sizeof(serv));
	serv.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serv.sin_port = htons(8888);//给服务器绑定一个端口8888
	serv.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);//给服务器绑定一个任意可用IP
	Bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv, sizeof(serv));//参数1：监听文件描述符
	
	//设置监听
	Listen(lfd, 128);
	
	pid_t pid;
	int cfd;
	char sIP[16];
	socklen_t len;
	struct sockaddr_in client;
	while(1)
	{
		//接受新的连接
		len = sizeof(client);
		memset(sIP, 0x00, sizeof(sIP));
		cfd = Accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &len);
		printf("client:[%s] [%d]\n", inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client.sin_addr.s_addr, sIP, sizeof(sIP)), ntohs(client.sin_port));
		//参数二：网络字节序转化为主机字节序的字符串形式，参数三：网络字节序转化为主机字节序短整型
		
		//接受一个新的连接, 创建一个子进程,让子进程完成数据的收发操作
		pid = fork();
		if(pid<0)
		{
			perror("fork error");
			exit(-1);
		}
		else if(pid>0)
		{
			//关闭通信文件描述符cfd
			close(cfd);			
		}
		else if(pid==0)
		{
			//关闭监听文件描述符
			close(lfd);
			
			int i=0;
			int n;
			char buf[1024];
			
			while(1)
			{
				//读数据
				n = Read(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
				if(n<=0)
				{
					printf("read error or client closed, n==[%d]\n", n);
					break;
				}
				//printf("client:[%s] [%d]\n", inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client.sin_addr.s_addr, sIP, sizeof(sIP)), ntohs(client.sin_port));
				printf("[%d]---->:n==[%d], buf==[%s]\n", ntohs(client.sin_port), n, buf);
				
				//将小写转换为大写
				for(i=0; i<n; i++)
				{
					buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
				}
				//发送数据
				Write(cfd, buf, n);
			}
			
			//关闭cfd
			close(cfd);
			exit(0);
		}
	}
	
	//关闭监听文件描述符
	close(lfd);
	
	return 0;
}

编译之后启动服务端，使用nc命令nc：可以作为client发起TCP或UDP连接 。同时开启多个终端（模拟客户端）来测试。

测试结果如下，多个客户端向服务器发出请求，并得到回应，实现了多进程通信。