java调用http请求方式

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已于 2022-07-03 23:17:13 修改

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分类专栏： code 文章标签： java http 开发语言

于 2022-07-03 23:15:34 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_60725291/article/details/125590569

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URLConnection and HttpURLConnection

一个URLConnection 实例可以通过openConnection()方法创建如： URLConnection urlCon = url.openConnection(); 如果协议是http://可以直接转成HttpURLConnection 如：HttpURLConnection httpCon = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

调用openConnection()并没有建立网络连接，只是返回实例，创建连接发生在调用connect() 或者通过实例读取header属性或者通过实例访问input stream / output stream.

简单例子如下：

String url = "https://google.com";
String filePath = "Google.html";
URL urlObj = new URL(url);
URLConnection urlCon = urlObj.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlCon.getInputStream();
BufferedInputStream reader = new BufferedInputStream(inputStream);
BufferedOutputStream writer = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filePath));
byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
int bytesRead = -1;
while ((bytesRead = reader.read(buffer)) != -1) {
   writer.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}
writer.close();
reader.close();

java11的HttpClient

简单样例如下：

public class HttpClientSynchronous {
    private static final HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
            .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_1_1)
            .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
            .build();
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
                .GET()
                .uri(URI.create("https://httpbin.org/get"))
                .setHeader("User-Agent", "Java 11 HttpClient Bot") // add request header
                .build();
        HttpResponse<String> response = httpClient.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
        // print response headers
        HttpHeaders headers = response.headers();
        headers.map().forEach((k, v) -> System.out.println(k + ":" + v));
        // print status code
        System.out.println(response.statusCode());
        // print response body
        System.out.println(response.body());
    }
}

更多信息：Java 11 HttpClient Examples

apache的HttpClient

添加依赖：

<dependency>
		<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
		<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
		<version>4.5.10</version>
</dependency>

简单样例如下：

public class HttpClientExample1_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        try {
            HttpGet request = new HttpGet("https://httpbin.org/get");
            // add request headers
            request.addHeader("custom-key", "mkyong");
            request.addHeader(HttpHeaders.USER_AGENT, "Googlebot");
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
            try {
                // Get HttpResponse Status
                System.out.println(response.getProtocolVersion());              // HTTP/1.1
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());   // 200
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase()); // OK
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine().toString());        // HTTP/1.1 200 OK
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                if (entity != null) {
                    // return it as a String
                    String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
                    System.out.println(result);
                }

            } finally {
                response.close();
            }
        } finally {
            httpClient.close();
        }
    }
}

更多信息：Apache HttpClient Examples

OkHttp

OkHttp is an HTTP client that’s efficient by default:

HTTP/2 support allows all requests to the same host to share a socket.
Connection pooling reduces request latency (if HTTP/2 isn’t available).
Transparent GZIP shrinks download sizes.
Response caching avoids the network completely for repeat requests.
添加依赖：

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
      <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
      <version>4.9.3</version>
    </dependency>

简单例子如下：

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
String run(String url) throws IOException {
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
      .url(url)
      .build();
  try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
    return response.body().string();
  }
}

更多信息：OkHttp

RestTemplate

As of Spring Framework 5, alongside the WebFlux stack, Spring introduced a new HTTP client called WebClient.
it’s a good idea to use WebClient. Moving forward, RestTemplate will be deprecated in future versions.

RestTemplate是一个执行HTTP请求的同步阻塞式工具类，它仅仅只是在 HTTP 客户端库（例如 JDK HttpURLConnection，Apache HttpComponents，okHttp 等）基础上，封装了更加简单易用的模板方法 API，方便程序员利用已提供的模板方法发起网络请求和处理。一般spring项目直接使用，否则添加依赖：

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
  <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

或者

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

简单测试样例如下：

 @Autowired
 private RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
@GetMapping(path = "/sys")
public ResponseEntity<Object> queryMonitor() throws Exception {
        String url = remoteUrl + "/coordinator/sys/getAll";
        try {
            List<Object> remoteList = restTemplate.getForObject(url, List.class);
            Map<String, Object> localMap = localService.getServers();
            if (remoteList != null) {
                remoteList.add(0, localMap);
                return new ResponseEntity<>(remoteList, HttpStatus.OK);
            } else {
                return new ResponseEntity<>(Collections.singletonList(localMap), HttpStatus.OK);
            }
        } catch (RestClientException e) {
            if (e instanceof ResourceAccessException) {
                throw new IOException("NodeManager connection err!");
            }
            throw e;
        }
    }

使用HttpURLConnection作为实现

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(RestTemplate.class)
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate(getClientHttpRequestFactory());
    }
    
   private ClientHttpRequestFactory getClientHttpRequestFactory() {
        SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setReadTimeout(5000);//单位为ms
        factory.setConnectTimeout(5000);//单位为ms
        return factory;
    }
}

使用apache的HttpClient作为实现

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
 
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(RestTemplate.class)
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate(getClientHttpRequestFactory());
    }
    
    private ClientHttpRequestFactory getClientHttpRequestFactory() {
        int timeout = 5000;
        RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectTimeout(timeout)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeout)
                .setSocketTimeout(timeout)
                .build();
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder
                .create()
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(config)
                .build();
        return new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(client);
    }
}

使用OkHttp作为实现

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
 
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(RestTemplate.class)
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate(getClientHttpRequestFactory());
    }
    
    private ClientHttpRequestFactory getClientHttpRequestFactory() {
      int timeout = 5000;
        RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectTimeout(timeout)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(timeout)
                .setSocketTimeout(timeout)
                .build();
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder
                .create()
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(config)
                .build();
        return new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(client);
    }
}

请求数据

简单例子如下:

RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
String fooResourceUrl
  = "http://localhost:8080/spring-rest/foos";
ResponseEntity<String> response
  = restTemplate.getForEntity(fooResourceUrl + "/1", String.class);
Assertions.assertEquals(response.getStatusCode(), HttpStatus.OK);

RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

HttpEntity<Foo> request = new HttpEntity<>(new Foo("bar"));
Foo foo = restTemplate.postForObject(fooResourceUrl, request, Foo.class);
Assertions.assertNotNull(foo);
Assertions.assertEquals(foo.getName(), "bar");