提取英语12

Today, it’s hard to imagine any industry or business that has not been affected by computer-based information system and computer applications.

Most experts agree on the fundamental difference between data and information. Data are raw facts about the organization and its business transactions. Most data items have little meaning and use by themselves. Information is data that has been（ ） and organized by processing and purposeful intelligence. The latter, purposeful intelligence, is crucial to the definition—People provide the purpose and the intelligence that produces true（ ）. In other words, data are a by-product of doing business. Information is a resource created from the data to serve the management and decision-making needs of business.

Information technology (IT) is a contemporary term that describes the combination of computer technology (hardware and software) with telecommunications technology (data, image, and voice networks). Information technology has created a data and information （ ）in virtually all businesses. The ability of businesses to harness (利用)and manage this data and information has become a critical success factor in most businesses.

An information system is an arrangement of people, data, processes, information presentation, and information technology that interact to support and improve day-to-day operations in a business, as well as support the problem-solving and decision making needs of management and users. Stated simply, information systems（  ）data into useful information. An information system exists with or without a computer. But when information technology is used, it significantly（  ）the power and potential of most information systems.

 

 

 今天，很难想象任何行业或企业没有受到基于计算机的信息系统和计算机应用程序的影响。

大多数专家都同意数据和信息之间的根本区别。数据是有关组织及其业务事务的原始事实。大多数数据项本身没有意义和用途。信息是经过清洗和有目的的情报组织的数据。后者是有目的的商业智能，产生真正的信息对于人们提供目的和产生真实的智力的定义至关重要。换句话说，数据是做生意的副产品。信息是根据数据创建的资源，用于满足业务的管理和决策需求。

 信息技术（IT）是一个现代术语，描述了计算机技术（硬件和软件）与电信技术（数据、图像和语音网络）的结合。信息技术已经在几乎所有的企业中创建了数据和信息爆炸。企业利用（利用）和管理这些数据和信息的能力已经成为大多数企业成功的关键因素。

信息系统是一种人员、数据、流程、信息表示和信息技术的安排，这些人员、数据、流程、信息表示和信息技术相互作用，以支持和改进企业的日常运营，并支持管理层和用户的问题解决和决策需求。简单地说，信息系统把数据转化为有用的信息。信息系统存在于有或没有计算机的情况下。但是，当使用信息技术时，它会显著地增加大多数信息系统的能力和潜力。  

 2019(上半年）

2018（上半年）

Because the Internet（  ） computers all over the world, any business that engages in electronic commerce instantly becomes an international business. One of the key issues that any company faces when it conducts international commerce is trust.

  It is important for all businesses to establish（  ）relationships with their customers.Companies with established reputations in the physical world often create trust by ensuring that customers know who they are. These businesses can rely on their（  ）brand names to create trust on the Web. New companics that want to establish online businesses face a more diffcult（  ）_ because a kind of anonymity(匿名) exists for companies trying to establish a Web presence.

  Because Web site visitors will not become customers unless they trust the company behind the site, a plan for establishing（  ） is essential. Customers' inherent lack of trust in“strangers" on the Web is logical and to be expected; sellers on the Web cannot assume that visitors will know that the site is operated by a tnustworthy business.

 

 

 

 对所有企业来说，与客户建立起信任关系是很重要的。在物理世界中拥有良好声誉的公司通常会通过确保客户知道他们是谁来建立信任。这些企业可以依靠已建立的品牌名称在网络上建立信任。希望建立在线业务的新公司面临更大的挑战，原因是试图建立网络存在的公司存在一种匿名性。网站访问者不会成为客户，除非他们相信网站背后的公司，因此建立可信度的计划至关重要。客户对网络上“陌生人”对固有缺失信任是合乎逻辑的，也是可以预料的。网站上的卖家不能假设访问者会知道该网站是由值得信赖的企业所运营的。