Linux网络编程

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-18 21:05:40 发布

JAMES@不会编程

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-18 21:05:40 发布

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文章标签： linux 网络 c语言服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61026016/article/details/135001919

版权

1.网络地址

1.ip地址+端口号

2.协议

1.TCP协议：面向连接,例如打电话模式，是一种可靠连接

2UDP协议：面向报文，例如发短信，适用于发送信息量较大数据对可靠性要求不高的，是一种不可靠连接

3.字节序

1.小端：数据的低位，对应存储于内存的低地址

2.大端：数据的高位，对应存储于内存的低地址

4.服务器与客户端

1.服务器：

1.socket建立通道

2.bind进行信息绑定

3.listen监听客户端连接

4.accept接收客户端连接

2.客户端：

1.socket连接通道

2.connect进行连接

3.双方：

1.都可以read读数据

2.都可以write发数据

5.相关API

1.socket：int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol),返回值服务器socket_fd,domian:ipv4网络类型，type：TCP/UDP协议类型，protocol：0可以自动根据domain和type进行默认配置

2.bind：int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)，sockfd：服务端socket_fd，addr:服务端信息配置，现在用sockaddr_in类型配置，注意数据类型转化，addrlen：配置数据类型大小，一般sizeof（struct sockaddr）

/*struct sockaddr_in{           //IPv4 socket address
sa_family_t  sin_family;    //Address family(AF_INET)
in_port_t    sin_port;      //Port number
struct in_addr sin_addr;    //IPv4 addreddr     
                            //IPv4 4-byte address
in_addr_t s_addr;       //unsigned 32-bit integer};,一般不填*/

3.listen：int listen(int sockfd, int backlog)，sockfd：服务端socket_fd，backlog：客户端最大连接数量

4.accept:int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *c_addr, socklen_t *c_addr_len)，返回值是所连接的客户端的sock_fd，sockfd：服务端socket_fd，c_addr:客户端信息配置，现在用sockaddr_in类型配置，注意数据类型转化，c_addr_len：客户端信息配置的数据类型大小

5.connect:int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen)，sockfd:服务端的socket_fd,addr:服务端信息配置，现在用sockaddr_in类型配置，注意数据类型转化，addrlen：配置数据类型大小，一般sizeof（struct sockaddr）

6.read:int read(int sockfd,char *read_buf,ssize_t size)

7.write:int write(int sockfd,char *read_buf,ssize_t size)

6.应用：连接1个，读写各1次

1.服务端Server：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(){
//int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);   
    int sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    if(sockfd == -1){
        printf("socket:error\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
//      int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
/*struct sockaddr_in{           //IPv4 socket address
    sa_family_t  sin_family;    //Address family(AF_INET)
    in_port_t    sin_port;      //Port number
    struct in_addr sin_addr;    //IPv4 addreddr     //IPv4 4-byte address
    in_addr_t s_addr;       //unsigned 32-bit integer
};*/
    struct sockaddr_in addr_in;
    struct sockaddr_in c_addr_in;
    addr_in.sin_family = AF_INET; //ipv4 type
    addr_in.sin_port = htons(8887); //diy port
    inet_aton("192.168.0.31",&(addr_in.sin_addr));//ip
    bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)(&addr_in),(socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr));
//      int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
    listen(sockfd,10);
//  int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *c_addr, socklen_t *c_addr_len);
    int c_addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
//  char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in);
    int c_sockfd = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)(&c_addr_in),&c_addr_len);
    printf("c_sockfd = %d\n",c_sockfd);
    if(c_sockfd == -1){
        perror("accept");
    } else{
        printf("===connect===\n");
            char *c_ip = inet_ntoa(c_addr_in.sin_addr);
            printf("client ip is %s\n",c_ip);
        char read_buf[128] = {0};
        int n_read = read(c_sockfd,read_buf,128);
        printf("read_buf = %s,n_read = %d\n",read_buf,n_read);
        char* write_buf = "AOYU from Server";
        write(c_sockfd,write_buf,strlen("AOYU from Server"));
    }
    return 0;
}

2.客户端Client：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(){
//int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);   
    int c_s_fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); 
    if(c_s_fd == -1){
        printf("socket:error\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
//      int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
/*struct sockaddr_in{           //IPv4 socket address
    sa_family_t  sin_family;    //Address family(AF_INET)
    in_port_t    sin_port;      //Port number
    struct in_addr sin_addr;    //IPv4 addreddr     //IPv4 4-byte address
    in_addr_t s_addr;       //unsigned 32-bit integer
};*/
    struct sockaddr_in addr_in;
    addr_in.sin_family = AF_INET; //ipv4 type
    addr_in.sin_port = htons(8887); //diy port
    inet_aton("192.168.0.31",&(addr_in.sin_addr));//ip
//  int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen);
    int c_cnn = connect(c_s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)(&addr_in),sizeof(struct sockaddr));
//  char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in);
    if(c_cnn == -1){
        perror("connect:");
        exit(-1);
    } else{
        printf("===connect===\n");
        char* write_buf = "ChenXin from client";
        write(c_s_fd,write_buf,strlen("ChenXin from client"));
        char read_buf[128] = {0};
        int n_read = read(c_s_fd,read_buf,128);
        printf("read_buf = %s,n_read = %d\n",read_buf,n_read);
    }
    return 0;
}

7.应用2：服务器连接多个设备，读写不限次数

server:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc,char** argv){
    if(argc!=3){
        printf("para is error\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
//int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);   
    int sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    if(sockfd == -1){
        printf("socket:error\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
//      int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);
/*struct sockaddr_in{           //IPv4 socket address
    sa_family_t  sin_family;    //Address family(AF_INET)
    in_port_t    sin_port;      //Port number
    struct in_addr sin_addr;    //IPv4 addreddr     //IPv4 4-byte address
    in_addr_t s_addr;       //unsigned 32-bit integer
};*/
    int c_sockfd = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in addr_in;
    struct sockaddr_in c_addr_in;
    int num_c = 0;
    char write_buf[128] = {0};
        char read_buf[128] = {0};
        int n_read;
    addr_in.sin_family = AF_INET; //ipv4 type
    addr_in.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); //diy port
    inet_aton(argv[1],&(addr_in.sin_addr));//ip
    bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)(&addr_in),(socklen_t)sizeof(struct sockaddr));
//      int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
    listen(sockfd,10);
//  int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *c_addr, socklen_t *c_addr_len);
    int c_addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
//  char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in);
//  fork();
    while(1){
        c_sockfd = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)(&c_addr_in),&c_addr_len);
        if(c_sockfd == -1){
                perror("accept");
            } 
        num_c++;
                printf("==get connect:client ip is %s\n",inet_ntoa(c_addr_in.sin_addr));
        if(fork() == 0){
            if(fork()==0){
                            while(1){
                                    memset(write_buf,0,sizeof(write_buf));
                                    sprintf(write_buf,"welcome,NO %d\n",num_c);
                                    write(c_sockfd,write_buf,strlen(write_buf));
                                    sleep(1);
                            }
            }
                    while(1){
                            memset(read_buf,0,128);
                            n_read = read(c_sockfd,read_buf,128);
                            printf("n_read = %d,read_buf = %s\n",n_read,read_buf);
                     }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

client:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc,char** argv){
    if(argc != 3){
        printf("params is error\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
//int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);   
    int c_s_fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); 
    if(c_s_fd == -1){
        printf("socket:error\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    struct sockaddr_in addr_in; 
    addr_in.sin_family = AF_INET; //ipv4 type
    addr_in.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); //diy port
    inet_aton(argv[1],&(addr_in.sin_addr));//ip
//  int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen);
    int c_cnn = connect(c_s_fd,(struct sockaddr *)(&addr_in),sizeof(struct sockaddr));
//  char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in);
    if(c_cnn == -1){
        perror("connect:");
        exit(-1);
    } else{
        printf("===connect===\n");
        char write_buf[128] = {0};
        char read_buf[128] = {0};
        int n_read;
        pid_t pid = fork();
        if(pid == 0){
                while(1){
                        memset(write_buf,0,sizeof(write_buf));
                        printf("input:");
                        gets(write_buf);
                        write(c_s_fd,write_buf,strlen(write_buf));
                }
        }
        if(pid > 0){
                    while(1){
                            memset(read_buf,0,sizeof(write_buf));
                            n_read = read(c_s_fd,read_buf,128);
                            printf("n_read = %d\n,read_buf = %s\n",n_read,read_buf);
                    } 
        }
    }
    return 0;
}