【从删库到跑路】MySQL系列——34道查询SELECT综合练习题1

bjpowernode数据库下的三张表

#查看数据库下有哪些表
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------+
| Tables_in_bjpowernode |
+-----------------------+
| dept                  |
| emp                   |
| salgrade              |
+-----------------------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM dept;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+
mysql> select * from emp;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
mysql> select * from salgrade;
+-------+-------+-------+
| GRADE | LOSAL | HISAL |
+-------+-------+-------+
|     1 |   700 |  1200 |
|     2 |  1201 |  1400 |
|     3 |  1401 |  2000 |
|     4 |  2001 |  3000 |
|     5 |  3001 |  9999 |
+-------+-------+-------+

1、取得每个部门最高薪水的人员名称

第一步:取得每个部门最高薪水(按照部门编号分组,找出每一组最大值)

mysql> select deptno,max(sal) as maxsal from emp group by deptno;

+--------+---------+
| deptno | maxsal  |
+--------+---------+
|     10 | 5000.00 |
|     20 | 3000.00 |
|     30 | 2850.00 |
+--------+---------+

第二步:将以上的查询结果当做一张临时表t,
t和emp表连接,条件:t.deptno = e.deptno and t.maxsal = e.sal

select 
	e.ename, t.*
from 
	emp e
join
	(select deptno,max(sal) as maxsal from emp group by deptno) t
on
	t.deptno = e.deptno and t.maxsal = e.sal;

+-------+--------+---------+
| ename | deptno | maxsal  |
+-------+--------+---------+
| BLAKE |     30 | 2850.00 |
| SCOTT |     20 | 3000.00 |
| KING  |     10 | 5000.00 |
| FORD  |     20 | 3000.00 |
+-------+--------+---------+

2、哪些人的薪水在部门的平均薪水之上

第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水

select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;

+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal      |
+--------+-------------+
|     10 | 2916.666667 |
|     20 | 2175.000000 |
|     30 | 1566.666667 |
+--------+-------------+

第二步:将以上查询结果当做t表,t和emp表连接
条件:部门编号相同,并且emp的sal大于t表的avgsal

select 
	t.*, e.ename, e.sal
from
	emp e
join
	(select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) t
on
	e.deptno = t.deptno and e.sal > t.avgsal;
	
+--------+-------------+-------+---------+
| deptno | avgsal      | ename | sal     |
+--------+-------------+-------+---------+
|     30 | 1566.666667 | ALLEN | 1600.00 |
|     20 | 2175.000000 | JONES | 2975.00 |
|     30 | 1566.666667 | BLAKE | 2850.00 |
|     20 | 2175.000000 | SCOTT | 3000.00 |
|     10 | 2916.666667 | KING  | 5000.00 |
|     20 | 2175.000000 | FORD  | 3000.00 |
+--------+-------------+-------+---------+

3、取得部门中(所有人的)平均的薪水等级

平均的薪水等级:先计算每一个薪水的等级,然后找出薪水等级的平均值。

平均薪水的等级:先计算平均薪水,然后找出每个平均薪水的等级值。

第一步:找出每个人的薪水等级
emp e和salgrade s表连接。
连接条件:e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal

select 
	e.ename,e.sal,e.deptno,s.grade
from
	emp e
join
	salgrade s
on
	e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;

+--------+---------+--------+-------+
| ename  | sal     | deptno | grade |
+--------+---------+--------+-------+
| CLARK  | 2450.00 |     10 |     4 |
| KING   | 5000.00 |     10 |     5 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |     10 |     2 |

| SMITH  |  800.00 |     20 |     1 |
| ADAMS  | 1100.00 |     20 |     1 |
| SCOTT  | 3000.00 |     20 |     4 |
| FORD   | 3000.00 |     20 |     4 |
| JONES  | 2975.00 |     20 |     4 |

| MARTIN | 1250.00 |     30 |     2 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |     30 |     3 |
| BLAKE  | 2850.00 |     30 |     4 |
| ALLEN  | 1600.00 |     30 |     3 |
| JAMES  |  950.00 |     30 |     1 |
| WARD   | 1250.00 |     30 |     2 |
+--------+---------+--------+-------+

第二步:基于以上的结果继续按照deptno分组,求grade的平均值。

select 
	e.deptno,avg(s.grade)
from
	emp e
join
	salgrade s
on
	e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal
group by
	e.deptno;

+--------+--------------+
| deptno | avg(s.grade) |
+--------+--------------+
|     10 |       3.6667 |
|     20 |       2.8000 |
|     30 |       2.5000 |
+--------+--------------+

4、不准用组函数(Max ),取得最高薪水

第一种:sal降序,limit 1

select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 1;
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal     |
+-------+---------+
| KING  | 5000.00 |
+-------+---------+

第二种方案:select max(sal) from emp;

第三种方案:表的自连接

#找出来除了最大值以外的所有值
select 
	distinct a.sal 
from 
	emp a 
join 
	emp b 
on 
	a.sal < b.sal

a表
+---------+
| sal     |
+---------+
|  800.00 |
| 1600.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2975.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2850.00 |
| 2450.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 5000.00 |
| 1500.00 |
| 1100.00 |
|  950.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 1300.00 |
+---------+

b表
+---------+
| sal     |
+---------+
|  800.00 |
| 1600.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2975.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2850.00 |
| 2450.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 5000.00 |
| 1500.00 |
| 1100.00 |
|  950.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 1300.00 |
+---------+
select
	sal
from 
	emp 
where 
	sal not in(select distinct a.sal from emp a join emp b on a.sal < b.sal);

+---------+
| sal     |
+---------+
| 5000.00 |
+---------+

5、取得平均薪水最高的部门的部门编号

第一种方案:降序取第一个。

第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水
	select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
	+--------+-------------+
	| deptno | avgsal      |
	+--------+-------------+
	|     10 | 2916.666667 |
	|     20 | 2175.000000 |
	|     30 | 1566.666667 |
	+--------+-------------+
第二步:降序选第一个。
	select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal desc limit 1;
	+--------+-------------+
	| deptno | avgsal      |
	+--------+-------------+
	|     10 | 2916.666667 |
	+--------+-------------+

第二种方案:max

第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水

select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal      |
+--------+-------------+
|     10 | 2916.666667 |
|     20 | 2175.000000 |
|     30 | 1566.666667 |
+--------+-------------+

第二步:找出以上结果中avgsal最大的值。
select max(t.avgsal) from (select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) t;
+---------------+
| max(t.avgsal) |
+---------------+
|   2916.666667 |
+---------------+

第三步:
select 
	deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal 
from 
	emp 
group by 
	deptno
having
	avgsal = (select max(t.avgsal) from (select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) t);

+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal      |
+--------+-------------+
|     10 | 2916.666667 |
+--------+-------------+

6、取得平均薪水最高的部门的部门名称

select 
	d.dname,avg(e.sal) as avgsal 
from 
	emp e
join
	dept d
on
	e.deptno = d.deptno
group by 
	d.dname
order by 
	avgsal desc 
limit 
	1;

+------------+-------------+
| dname      | avgsal      |
+------------+-------------+
| ACCOUNTING | 2916.666667 |
+------------+-------------+

7、*求平均薪水的等级最低的部门的部门名称

平均薪水是800
平均薪水是900
那么他俩都是1级别。

第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水

select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal      |
+--------+-------------+
|     10 | 2916.666667 |
|     20 | 2175.000000 |
|     30 | 1566.666667 |
+--------+-------------+

第二步:找出每个部门的平均薪水的等级
以上t表和salgrade表连接,条件:t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal

select 
	t.*,s.grade
from
	(select d.dname,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno group by d.dname) t
join
	salgrade s
on
	t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal;

+------------+-------------+-------+
| dname      | avgsal      | grade |
+------------+-------------+-------+
| SALES      | 1566.666667 |     3 |
| ACCOUNTING | 2916.666667 |     4 |
| RESEARCH   | 2175.000000 |     4 |
+------------+-------------+-------+
select 
	t.*,s.grade
from
	(select d.dname,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno group by d.dname) t
join
	salgrade s
on
	t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal
where
	s.grade = (select grade from salgrade where (select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal asc limit 1) between losal and hisal);

+-------+-------------+-------+
| dname | avgsal      | grade |
+-------+-------------+-------+
| SALES | 1566.666667 |     3 |
+-------+-------------+-------+

抛开之前的,最低等级你怎么着?
平均薪水最低的对应的等级一定是最低的.

select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal asc limit 1;
	+-------------+
	| avgsal      |
	+-------------+
	| 1566.666667 |
	+-------------+
select grade from salgrade where (select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal asc limit 1) between losal and hisal;
        +-------+
        | grade |
        +-------+
        |     3 |
        +-------+

8、*取得比普通员工(员工代码没有在 mgr 字段上出现的) 的最高薪水还要高的领导人姓名

比“普通员工的最高薪水”还要高的一定是领导!
	没毛病!!!!
mysql> select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null;
+------+
| mgr  |
+------+
| 7902 |
| 7698 |
| 7839 |
| 7566 |
| 7788 |
| 7782 |
+------+
员工编号没有在以上范围内的都是普通员工。

第一步:找出普通员工的最高薪水!
not in在使用的时候,后面小括号中记得排除NULL。

select max(sal) from emp where empno not in(select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null);
+----------+
| max(sal) |
+----------+
|  1600.00 |
+----------+

第二步:找出高于1600的

select ename,sal from emp where sal > (select max(sal) from emp where empno not in(select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null));
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal     |
+-------+---------+
| JONES | 2975.00 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| KING  | 5000.00 |
| FORD  | 3000.00 |
+-------+---------+

9、取得薪水最高的前五名员工

select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 5;
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal     |
+-------+---------+
| KING  | 5000.00 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| FORD  | 3000.00 |
| JONES | 2975.00 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 |
+-------+---------+

10、取得薪水最高的第六到第十名员工

select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 5, 5;
+--------+---------+
| ename  | sal     |
+--------+---------+
| CLARK  | 2450.00 |
| ALLEN  | 1600.00 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 |
+--------+---------+

11、取得最后入职的 5 名员工

日期也可以降序,升序。

select ename,hiredate from emp order by hiredate desc limit 5;

+--------+------------+
| ename  | hiredate   |
+--------+------------+
| ADAMS  | 1987-05-23 |
| SCOTT  | 1987-04-19 |
| MILLER | 1982-01-23 |
| FORD   | 1981-12-03 |
| JAMES  | 1981-12-03 |
+--------+------------+

12、取得每个薪水等级有多少员工

分组count

第一步:找出每个员工的薪水等级

select 
	e.ename,e.sal,s.grade 
from 
	emp e 
join 
	salgrade s 
on 
	e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;
+--------+---------+-------+
| ename  | sal     | grade |
+--------+---------+-------+
| SMITH  |  800.00 |     1 |
| ALLEN  | 1600.00 |     3 |
| WARD   | 1250.00 |     2 |
| JONES  | 2975.00 |     4 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 |     2 |
| BLAKE  | 2850.00 |     4 |
| CLARK  | 2450.00 |     4 |
| SCOTT  | 3000.00 |     4 |
| KING   | 5000.00 |     5 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |     3 |
| ADAMS  | 1100.00 |     1 |
| JAMES  |  950.00 |     1 |
| FORD   | 3000.00 |     4 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |     2 |
+--------+---------+-------+

第二步:继续按照grade分组统计数量

select 
	s.grade ,count(*)
from 
	emp e 
join 
	salgrade s 
on 
	e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal
group by
	s.grade;

+-------+----------+
| grade | count(*) |
+-------+----------+
|     1 |        3 |
|     2 |        3 |
|     3 |        2 |
|     4 |        5 |
|     5 |        1 |
+-------+----------+

13、面试题:
有 3 个表 S(学生表),C(课程表),SC(学生选课表)
S(SNO,SNAME)代表(学号,姓名)
C(CNO,CNAME,CTEACHER)代表(课号,课名,教师)
SC(SNO,CNO,SCGRADE)代表(学号,课号,成绩)
问题
1,找出没选过“黎明”老师的所有学生姓名。
2,列出 2 门以上(含2 门)不及格学生姓名及平均成绩。
3,即学过 1 号课程又学过 2 号课所有学生的姓名。

14、列出所有员工及领导的姓名

select 
	a.ename '员工', b.ename '领导'
from
	emp a
left join
	emp b
on
	a.mgr = b.empno;

+--------+-------+
| 员工   | 领导    |
+--------+-------+
| SMITH  | FORD  |
| ALLEN  | BLAKE |
| WARD   | BLAKE |
| JONES  | KING  |
| MARTIN | BLAKE |
| BLAKE  | KING  |
| CLARK  | KING  |
| SCOTT  | JONES |
| KING   | NULL  |
| TURNER | BLAKE |
| ADAMS  | SCOTT |
| JAMES  | BLAKE |
| FORD   | JONES |
| MILLER | CLARK |
+--------+-------+

15、列出受雇日期早于其直接上级的所有员工的编号,姓名,部门名称

emp a 员工表
emp b 领导表
a.mgr = b.empno and a.hiredate < b.hiredate

select 
	a.ename '员工', a.hiredate, b.ename '领导', b.hiredate, d.dname
from
	emp a
join
	emp b
on
	a.mgr = b.empno
join
	dept d
on
	a.deptno = d.deptno
where
	 a.hiredate < b.hiredate;

+-------+------------+-------+------------+------------+
| 员工     | hiredate   | 领导    | hiredate   | dname      |
+-------+------------+-------+------------+------------+
| CLARK | 1981-06-09 | KING  | 1981-11-17 | ACCOUNTING |
| SMITH | 1980-12-17 | FORD  | 1981-12-03 | RESEARCH   |
| JONES | 1981-04-02 | KING  | 1981-11-17 | RESEARCH   |
| ALLEN | 1981-02-20 | BLAKE | 1981-05-01 | SALES      |
| WARD  | 1981-02-22 | BLAKE | 1981-05-01 | SALES      |
| BLAKE | 1981-05-01 | KING  | 1981-11-17 | SALES      |
+-------+------------+-------+------------+------------+

16、 列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息, 同时列出那些没有员工的部门

select 
	e.*,d.dname
from
	emp e
right join
	dept d
on
	e.deptno = d.deptno;

+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+------------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO | dname      |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+------------+
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 | ACCOUNTING |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 | ACCOUNTING |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 | ACCOUNTING |
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 | RESEARCH   |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 | RESEARCH   |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 | RESEARCH   |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 | RESEARCH   |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 | RESEARCH   |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 | SALES      |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 | SALES      |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 | SALES      |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 | SALES      |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 | SALES      |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 | SALES      |
|  NULL | NULL   | NULL      | NULL | NULL       |    NULL |    NULL |   NULL | OPERATIONS |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+------------+

17、*列出至少有 5 个员工的所有部门

按照部门编号分组,计数,筛选出 >= 5

select 
	deptno
from
	emp
group by
	deptno
having
	count(*) >= 5;

+--------+
| deptno |
+--------+
|     20 |
|     30 |
+--------+
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