1、安装 Tomcat
-
下载 Tomcat
-
配置环境变量
-
在 tomcat 的安装目录下的 bin 目录启动 catalina.bat 脚本文件
-
访问 tomcat 页面
2、Servlet 的使用方式
2.1、Tomcat 环境下使用注解方式
2.1.1、添加注解依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.1.2、添加 tomcat 插件
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
<!-- 访问路径 -->
<path>/</path>
<!--
也可以通过命令指定访问端口
mvn tomcat7:run -D maven.tomcat.port=8080
-->
<port>8080</port>
<!-- 是否开启热部署 -->
<contextReloadable>false</contextReloadable>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
2.1.3、测试代码:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/first")
public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
super.service(req, resp);
System.out.println("Hello Servelt!");
}
}
2.1.4、访问 http://localhost:8080/first
2.2、jetty 环境下使用注解方式
2.2.1、添加 jetty 插件
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>9.4.43.v20210629</version>
<configuration>
<!-- 访问路径 -->
<webAppConfig>
<contextPath>/</contextPath>
</webAppConfig>
<httpConnector>
<!--
也可以通过命令指定访问端口
mvn jetty:run -D jetty.port=8080
-->
<port>8080</port>
</httpConnector>
<!-- 扫描进行热部署的间隔时间,0:不进行热部署 -->
<scanIntervalSeconds>0</scanIntervalSeconds>
</configuration>
</plugin>
2.2.2、替换 web.xml 文件内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
</web-app>
2.2.3、访问 http://localhost:8080/first
2.3、Servlet 的 xml 方式使用
2.3.1、修改 web.xml 文件内容
<servlet>
<servlet-name>secondServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yjxxt.servlet.SecondServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>secondServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/second</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
2.3.2、测试代码:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SecondServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
super.service(req, resp);
System.out.println("SecondServlet");
}
}
2.3.3、访问 http://localhost:8080/second
3、Servlet 的生命周期
Servlet 的生命周期,简单的概括这就分为四步:servlet 类加载 --> 初始化(init())--> 处理业务 --> 销毁(destroy())
4、Request 对象
4.1、Request 对象常用方法
package com.yjxxt.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/Servlet")
public class Servlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
super.service(req, resp);
// 一个完整的请求地址,到 ? 结束
StringBuffer url = req.getRequestURL();
System.out.println(url.toString());
// 获取请求的部分 URL(从站点名开始,到 ? 前面结束)
String uri = req.getRequestURI();
System.out.println(uri);
// 获取请求地址中的参数
String queryString = req.getQueryString();
System.out.println(queryString);
// 获取请求方式
String method = req.getMethod();
System.out.println(method);
// 获取 HTTP 版本号
String protocol = req.getProtocol();
System.out.println(protocol);
// 获取站点名
String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
System.out.println(contextPath);
}
}