读取列表中的值

for命令最基本的用法就是遍历for命令自身所定义的一系列值。

$ cat test1 
#!/bin/bash 
# basic for command 
for test in Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado 
do 
 echo The next state is $test 
done 
$ ./test1 
The next state is Alabama 
The next state is Alaska 
The next state is Arizona 
The next state is Arkansas 
The next state is California 
The next state is Colorado 
$ 

每次for命令遍历值列表，它都会将列表中的下个值赋给$test变量。$test变量可以像for命令语句中的其他脚本变量一样使用。在最后一次迭代后，$test变量的值会在shell脚本的剩余部分一直保持有效。它会一直保持最后一次迭代的值（除非修改了它）。

$ cat test1b 
#!/bin/bash 
# testing the for variable after the looping 
for test in Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado 
do 
 echo "The next state is $test" 
done 
echo "The last state we visited was $test" 
test=Connecticut 
echo "Wait, now we're visiting $test" 
$ ./test1b 
The next state is Alabama 
The next state is Alaska 
The next state is Arizona 
The next state is Arkansas 
The next state is California 
The next state is Colorado 
The last state we visited was Colorado 
Wait, now we're visiting Connecticut 
$