数据存储——四种存储方式——数据库SQLite

 

======================================================================================

第一个界面：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="5dp" >

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_name"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="姓名："
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_name"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_name"
            android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
            android:gravity="left|center"
            android:hint="请输入姓名"
            android:inputType="text"
            android:maxLength="12"
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />
    </RelativeLayout>

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_age"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="年龄："
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_age"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_age"
            android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
            android:gravity="left|center"
            android:hint="请输入年龄"
            android:inputType="number"
            android:maxLength="2"
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />
    </RelativeLayout>

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_height"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="身高："
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_height"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_height"
            android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
            android:gravity="left|center"
            android:hint="请输入身高"
            android:inputType="number"
            android:maxLength="3"
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />
    </RelativeLayout>

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_weight"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="体重："
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_weight"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_weight"
            android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
            android:gravity="left|center"
            android:hint="请输入体重"
            android:inputType="numberDecimal"
            android:maxLength="5"
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />
    </RelativeLayout>

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp" >

        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/ck_married"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:checked="false"
            android:text="已婚"
            android:textColor="@color/black"
            android:textSize="17sp" />
    </RelativeLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_save"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="保存到数据库"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:textSize="17sp" />

</LinearLayout>

第一个界面代码：

package com.example.myapplication;

import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.CompoundButton;
import android.widget.EditText;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener, CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener
{

    private UserDBHelper mHelper; // 声明一个用户数据库帮助器的对象
    private EditText et_name;
    private EditText et_age;
    private EditText et_height;
    private EditText et_weight;
    private boolean isMarried = false;



    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);


        et_name = findViewById(R.id.et_name);
        et_age = findViewById(R.id.et_age);
        et_height = findViewById(R.id.et_height);
        et_weight = findViewById(R.id.et_weight);
        CheckBox ck_married = findViewById(R.id.ck_married);
        ck_married.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_save).setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
        isMarried = isChecked;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        // 获得数据库帮助器的实例
        mHelper = UserDBHelper.getInstance(this, 1);
        mHelper.openWriteLink(); // 打开数据库帮助器的写连接
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        mHelper.closeLink(); // 关闭数据库连接
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_save)
        {
            String name = et_name.getText().toString();
            String age = et_age.getText().toString();
            String height = et_height.getText().toString();
            String weight = et_weight.getText().toString();

            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(name))
            {
                ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写姓名");
                return;
            } else if (TextUtils.isEmpty(age))
            {
                ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写年龄");
                return;
            } else if (TextUtils.isEmpty(height))
            {
                ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写身高");
                return;
            } else if (TextUtils.isEmpty(weight))
            {
                ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写体重");
                return;
            }

            // 以下声明一个用户信息对象，并填写它的各字段值
            UserInfo info = new UserInfo();
            info.name = name;
            info.age = Integer.parseInt(age);
            info.height = Long.parseLong(height);
            info.weight = Float.parseFloat(weight);
            info.married = isMarried;
            info.update_time = DateUtil.getNowDateTime("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

            mHelper.insert(info); // 执行数据库帮助器的插入操作

            ToastUtil.show(this, "数据已写入SQLite数据库");


            startActivity(new Intent(this, MainActivity2.class));
        }
    }

}

UserDBHelper代码：

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@SuppressLint("DefaultLocale")
public class UserDBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
{
    private static final String TAG = "UserDBHelper";
    private static final String DB_NAME = "user.db"; // 数据库的名称
    private static final int DB_VERSION = 1; // 数据库的版本号
    private static UserDBHelper mHelper = null; // 数据库帮助器的实例
    private SQLiteDatabase mDB = null; // 数据库的实例
    public static final String TABLE_NAME = "user_info"; // 表的名称

    private UserDBHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
    }

    private UserDBHelper(Context context, int version) {
        super(context, DB_NAME, null, version);
    }

    // 利用单例模式获取数据库帮助器的唯一实例
    public static UserDBHelper getInstance(Context context, int version) {
        if (version > 0 && mHelper == null) {
            mHelper = new UserDBHelper(context, version);
        } else if (mHelper == null) {
            mHelper = new UserDBHelper(context);
        }
        return mHelper;
    }

    // 打开数据库的读连接
    public SQLiteDatabase openReadLink()
    {
        if (mDB == null || !mDB.isOpen())
        {
            mDB = mHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        }
        return mDB;
    }

    // 打开数据库的写连接
    public SQLiteDatabase openWriteLink()
    {
        if (mDB == null || !mDB.isOpen())
        {
            mDB = mHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        }
        return mDB;
    }

    // 关闭数据库连接
    public void closeLink()
    {
        if (mDB != null && mDB.isOpen())
        {
            mDB.close();
            mDB = null;
        }
    }

    // 创建数据库，执行建表语句
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
    {
        Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");
        String drop_sql = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_NAME + ";";
        Log.d(TAG, "drop_sql:" + drop_sql);
        db.execSQL(drop_sql);
        String create_sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " + TABLE_NAME + " ("
                + "_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY  AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL,"
                + "name VARCHAR NOT NULL," + "age INTEGER NOT NULL,"
                + "height INTEGER NOT NULL," + "weight FLOAT NOT NULL,"
                + "married INTEGER NOT NULL," + "update_time VARCHAR NOT NULL"
                //演示数据库升级时要先把下面这行注释
                + ",phone VARCHAR" + ",password VARCHAR"
                + ");";
        Log.d(TAG, "create_sql:" + create_sql);
        db.execSQL(create_sql); // 执行完整的SQL语句
    }

    // 升级数据库，执行表结构变更语句
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)
    {
        Log.d(TAG, "onUpgrade oldVersion=" + oldVersion + ", newVersion=" + newVersion);
        if (newVersion > 1) {
            //Android的ALTER命令不支持一次添加多列，只能分多次添加
            String alter_sql = "ALTER TABLE " + TABLE_NAME + " ADD COLUMN " + "phone VARCHAR;";
            Log.d(TAG, "alter_sql:" + alter_sql);
            db.execSQL(alter_sql);
            alter_sql = "ALTER TABLE " + TABLE_NAME + " ADD COLUMN " + "password VARCHAR;";
            Log.d(TAG, "alter_sql:" + alter_sql);
            db.execSQL(alter_sql); // 执行完整的SQL语句
        }
    }

    // 根据指定条件删除表记录
    public int delete(String condition)
    {
        // 执行删除记录动作，该语句返回删除记录的数目
        return mDB.delete(TABLE_NAME, condition, null);
    }

    // 删除该表的所有记录
    public int deleteAll()
    {
        // 执行删除记录动作，该语句返回删除记录的数目
        return mDB.delete(TABLE_NAME, "1=1", null);
    }

    // 往该表添加一条记录
    public long insert(UserInfo info)
    {
        List<UserInfo> infoList = new ArrayList<UserInfo>();
        infoList.add(info);
        return insert(infoList);
    }

    // 往该表添加多条记录
    public long insert(List<UserInfo> infoList)
    {
        long result = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < infoList.size(); i++)
        {
            UserInfo info = infoList.get(i);
            List<UserInfo> tempList = new ArrayList<UserInfo>();
            // 如果存在同名记录，则更新记录
            // 注意条件语句的等号后面要用单引号括起来
            if (info.name != null && info.name.length() > 0)
            {
                String condition = String.format("name='%s'", info.name);
                tempList = query(condition);
                if (tempList.size() > 0)
                {
                    update(info, condition);
                    result = tempList.get(0).rowid;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            // 如果存在同样的手机号码，则更新记录
            if (info.phone != null && info.phone.length() > 0)
            {
                String condition = String.format("phone='%s'", info.phone);
                tempList = query(condition);
                if (tempList.size() > 0)
                {
                    update(info, condition);
                    result = tempList.get(0).rowid;
                    continue;
                }
            }

            // 不存在唯一性重复的记录，则插入新记录
            ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
            cv.put("name", info.name);
            cv.put("age", info.age);
            cv.put("height", info.height);
            cv.put("weight", info.weight);
            cv.put("married", info.married);
            cv.put("update_time", info.update_time);
            cv.put("phone", info.phone);
            cv.put("password", info.password);

            // 执行插入记录动作，该语句返回插入记录的行号
            result = mDB.insert(TABLE_NAME, "", cv);

            if (result == -1) { // 添加成功则返回行号，添加失败则返回-1
                return result;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    // 根据条件更新指定的表记录
    public int update(UserInfo info, String condition)
    {
        ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
        cv.put("name", info.name);
        cv.put("age", info.age);
        cv.put("height", info.height);
        cv.put("weight", info.weight);
        cv.put("married", info.married);
        cv.put("update_time", info.update_time);
        cv.put("phone", info.phone);
        cv.put("password", info.password);
        // 执行更新记录动作，该语句返回更新的记录数量
        return mDB.update(TABLE_NAME, cv, condition, null);
    }

    public int update(UserInfo info)
    {
        // 执行更新记录动作，该语句返回更新的记录数量
        return update(info, "rowid=" + info.rowid);
    }

    // 根据指定条件查询记录，并返回结果数据列表
    public List<UserInfo> query(String condition) {
        String sql = String.format("select rowid,_id,name,age,height,weight,married,update_time," +
                "phone,password from %s where %s;", TABLE_NAME, condition);
        Log.d(TAG, "query sql: " + sql);
        List<UserInfo> infoList = new ArrayList<UserInfo>();
        // 执行记录查询动作，该语句返回结果集的游标
        Cursor cursor = mDB.rawQuery(sql, null);
        // 循环取出游标指向的每条记录
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
            UserInfo info = new UserInfo();
            info.rowid = cursor.getLong(0); // 取出长整型数
            info.xuhao = cursor.getInt(1); // 取出整型数
            info.name = cursor.getString(2); // 取出字符串
            info.age = cursor.getInt(3); // 取出整型数
            info.height = cursor.getLong(4); // 取出长整型数
            info.weight = cursor.getFloat(5); // 取出浮点数
            //SQLite没有布尔型，用0表示false，用1表示true
            info.married = (cursor.getInt(6) == 0) ? false : true;
            info.update_time = cursor.getString(7); // 取出字符串
            info.phone = cursor.getString(8); // 取出字符串
            info.password = cursor.getString(9); // 取出字符串
            infoList.add(info);
        }
        cursor.close(); // 查询完毕，关闭数据库游标
        return infoList;
    }

    // 根据手机号码查询指定记录
    public UserInfo queryByPhone(String phone) {
        UserInfo info = null;
        List<UserInfo> infoList = query(String.format("phone='%s'", phone));
        if (infoList.size() > 0) { // 存在该号码的登录信息
            info = infoList.get(0);
        }
        return info;
    }

}

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.content.Context;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class ToastUtil
{

    public static void show(Context ctx, String desc)
    {
        Toast.makeText(ctx, desc, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

================================================================================================================

第二个界面：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_delete"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="删除所有记录"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:textSize="17sp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_sqlite"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:paddingLeft="5dp"
        android:textColor="@color/black"
        android:textSize="17sp" />

</LinearLayout>

第二个界面代码：

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.List;


public class MainActivity2 extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener
{

    private UserDBHelper mHelper; // 声明一个用户数据库帮助器的对象
    private TextView tv_sqlite;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);


        tv_sqlite = findViewById(R.id.tv_sqlite);
        findViewById(R.id.btn_delete).setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart()
    {
        super.onStart();


        // 获得数据库帮助器的实例
        mHelper = UserDBHelper.getInstance(this, 1);
        mHelper.openReadLink(); // 打开数据库帮助器的读连接
        readSQLite(); // 读取数据库中保存的所有用户记录
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop()
    {
        super.onStop();
        mHelper.closeLink(); // 关闭数据库连接
    }

    // 读取数据库中保存的所有用户记录
    private void readSQLite()
    {
        if (mHelper == null)
        {
            ToastUtil.show(this, "数据库连接为空");
            return;
        }

        // 执行数据库帮助器的查询操作
        List<UserInfo> userList = mHelper.query("1=1");

        String desc = String.format("数据库查询到%d条记录，详情如下：", userList.size());

        for (int i = 0; i < userList.size(); i++) {
            UserInfo info = userList.get(i);
            desc = String.format("%s\n第%d条记录信息如下：", desc, i + 1);
            desc = String.format("%s\n　姓名为%s", desc, info.name);
            desc = String.format("%s\n　年龄为%d", desc, info.age);
            desc = String.format("%s\n　身高为%d", desc, info.height);
            desc = String.format("%s\n　体重为%f", desc, info.weight);
            desc = String.format("%s\n　婚否为%b", desc, info.married);
            desc = String.format("%s\n　更新时间为%s", desc, info.update_time);
        }

        if (userList.size() <= 0)
        {
            desc = "数据库查询到的记录为空";
        }

        tv_sqlite.setText(desc);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v)
    {
        if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_delete)
        {
            mHelper.closeLink(); // 关闭数据库连接
            mHelper.openWriteLink(); // 打开数据库帮助器的写连接
            mHelper.deleteAll(); // 删除所有记录
            mHelper.closeLink(); // 关闭数据库连接
            mHelper.openReadLink(); // 打开数据库帮助器的读连接
            readSQLite(); // 读取数据库中保存的所有用户记录

            ToastUtil.show(this, "已删除所有记录");
        }
    }

}

=============================================================================