1.什么是JUC?
java.util 工具包、包、分类
Runnable没有返回值,效率比Callable低
2. 线程和进程
线程、进程
1.进程:程序的集合;
一个进程往往可以包含多个线程,至少包含一个
2.Java默认有几个进程?2个
main线程、GC线程
3.对于Java而言开启线程的方式:Thread、Runnable、Callable
4.Java真的可以开启线程吗?
不可以,只能通过本地方法去调,java是没有权限开线程的
public synchronized void start() {
/**
* This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
* group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
* to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
*
* A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
*/
if (threadStatus != 0)
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
/* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
* so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
* and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
group.add(this);
boolean started = false;
try {
start0();
started = true;
} finally {
try {
if (!started) {
group.threadStartFailed(this);
}
} catch (Throwable ignore) {
/* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
it will be passed up the call stack */
}
}
}
//本地方法,调用底层C++,Java无法直接操作硬件
private native void start0();
并发与并行
并发:多线程操作同一个资源
- CPU一核,模拟出多线程,通过线程快速交替
并行:多个人一起行走
- CPU多核,多个线程可以同时执行;线程池
查看电脑线程数
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取CPU的核数
//CPU密集型、IO密集型
System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
}
}
并发编程的本质:充分利用CPU的资源
线程有几个状态:
public enum State {
//新生
NEW,
//运行
RUNNABLE,
//阻塞
BLOCKED,
//等待,死死地等
WAITING;
//超时等待
TIMED_WAITING,
//终止
TERMINATED;
}
wait 和 sleep 的区别
1.来自不同的类
wait => Object
sleep => Thread
2.关于锁的释放
wait 会释放锁
sleep 不会释放锁
3.使用的范围是不同的
wait 必须在同步代码块中使用
sleep 可以在任何地方睡
4.是否需要捕获异常
wait 不需要捕获异常
sleep 需要捕获异常
3.Lock锁(重点)
传统的 Synchronized
public class SaleTicketDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//并发:多个线程操作同一个资源类
Ticket ticket = new Ticket();
//Runnable接口是一个函数式接口,匿名内部类,简化写法,使用lambda表达式 ()-> {}
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
},"C").start();
}
}
//资源类 OOP
class Ticket{
//属性 方法
private int number = 30;
//卖票的方式
// synchronized 本质:队列、锁
public synchronized void sale(){
if(number > 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出了第"+(number--)+"张票,剩余:"+number);
}
}
}
Lock接口
公平锁:十分公平,可以先来后到
非公平锁:十分不公平,可以插队(默认)
public class SaleTicketDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//并发:多个线程操作同一个资源类
Ticket2 ticket = new Ticket2();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
ticket.sale();
}
},"C").start();
}
}
//Lock三部曲
//1.new ReentrantLock
//2.lock.lock();//加锁
//3.解锁 finally中 lock.unlock();
class Ticket2{
//属性 方法
private int number = 30;
//卖票的方式
// synchronized 本质:队列、锁
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void sale(){
lock.lock();//加锁
try {
//业务代码
if(number > 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"卖出了第"+(number--)+"张票,剩余:"+number);
}
} finally {
//解锁
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
Synchronized 和 Lock锁的区别
1.Synchronized 是内置的java关键字,Lock 是一个java类
2.Synchronized 无法判断获取锁的状态,Lock 可以判断是否获取到了锁
3.Synchronized 会自动释放锁,Lock 必须要手动释放锁!如果不释放锁,会产生死锁
4.Synchronized 线程1(获得锁,阻塞)、线程2(等待,傻傻地等待)
Lock 锁就不一定等待下去【因为Lock 有lock.tryLock();方法,尝试获取锁】
5.Synchronized 可重入锁,不可以中断,非公平;Lock ,可重入锁,可以判断锁,非公平(可以自己设置)
6.Synchronized 适合锁少量的代码同步问题,Lock锁适合锁大量的同步代码
锁是什么,如何判断锁的是谁
4.生产者和消费者问题
生产者和消费者问题 Synchronized版
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"B").start();
}
}
//等待 业务 通知
class Data{
private int number = 0;
//+1
public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
if(number != 0){
this.wait();//等待
}
number++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " =>" + number);
//通知其他线程
this.notifyAll();
}
//-1
public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
if(number == 0){
this.wait();
//等待
}
number--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " =>" + number);
//通知其他线程
this.notifyAll();
}
}
问题存在,A、B、C、D四个线程,两个加一,两个减一,会出现问题【会出现值为2或3的情况】
将if改成while循环
if判断进去不会停,while判断,一个被修改,如果另一个拿到手了,就在这个地方进行等待,防止虚假唤醒发生
防止虚假唤醒
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data data = new Data();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"C").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"D").start();
}
}
//等待 业务 通知
class Data{
private int number = 0;
//+1
public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
while (number != 0){
this.wait();//等待
}
number++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " =>" + number);
//通知其他线程
this.notifyAll();
}
//-1
public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
while (number == 0){
this.wait();
//等待
}
number--;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " =>" + number);
//通知其他线程
this.notifyAll();
}
}
JUC版的生产者与消费者
代码实现:
public class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data2 data2 = new Data2();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data2.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data2.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data2.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
},