【LC中等】1596. 每位顾客最经常订购的商品

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1.题目描述

表：Customers

+---------------+---------+
| Column Name   | Type    |
+---------------+---------+
| customer_id   | int     |
| name          | varchar |
+---------------+---------+
customer_id 是该表主键
该表包含所有顾客的信息

表：Orders

+---------------+---------+
| Column Name   | Type    |
+---------------+---------+
| order_id      | int     |
| order_date    | date    |
| customer_id   | int     |
| product_id    | int     |
+---------------+---------+
order_id 是该表主键
该表包含顾客 customer_id 的订单信息
没有顾客会在一天内订购相同的商品 多于一次

表：Products

+---------------+---------+
| Column Name   | Type    |
+---------------+---------+
| product_id    | int     |
| product_name  | varchar |
| price         | int     |
+---------------+---------+
product_id 是该表主键
该表包含了所有商品的信息

写一个 SQL 语句，找到每一个顾客最经常订购的商品。

结果表单应该有每一位至少下过一次单的顾客 customer_id , 他最经常订购的商品的 product_id 和 product_name。

返回结果没有顺序要求。

查询结果格式如下例所示。

示例 1

输入：
Customers表：
+-------------+-------+
| customer_id | name  |
+-------------+-------+
| 1           | Alice |
| 2           | Bob   |
| 3           | Tom   |
| 4           | Jerry |
| 5           | John  |
+-------------+-------+
Orders表：
+----------+------------+-------------+------------+
| order_id | order_date | customer_id | product_id |
+----------+------------+-------------+------------+
| 1        | 2020-07-31 | 1           | 1          |
| 2        | 2020-07-30 | 2           | 2          |
| 3        | 2020-08-29 | 3           | 3          |
| 4        | 2020-07-29 | 4           | 1          |
| 5        | 2020-06-10 | 1           | 2          |
| 6        | 2020-08-01 | 2           | 1          |
| 7        | 2020-08-01 | 3           | 3          |
| 8        | 2020-08-03 | 1           | 2          |
| 9        | 2020-08-07 | 2           | 3          |
| 10       | 2020-07-15 | 1           | 2          |
+----------+------------+-------------+------------+
Products表：
+------------+--------------+-------+
| product_id | product_name | price |
+------------+--------------+-------+
| 1          | keyboard     | 120   |
| 2          | mouse        | 80    |
| 3          | screen       | 600   |
| 4          | hard disk    | 450   |
+------------+--------------+-------+
输出：
+-------------+------------+--------------+
| customer_id | product_id | product_name |
+-------------+------------+--------------+
| 1           | 2          | mouse        |
| 2           | 1          | keyboard     |
| 2           | 2          | mouse        |
| 2           | 3          | screen       |
| 3           | 3          | screen       |
| 4           | 1          | keyboard     |
+-------------+------------+--------------+
解释：
Alice (customer 1) 三次订购鼠标, 一次订购键盘, 所以鼠标是 Alice 最经常订购的商品.
Bob (customer 2) 一次订购键盘, 一次订购鼠标, 一次订购显示器, 所以这些都是 Bob 最经常订购的商品.
Tom (customer 3) 只两次订购显示器, 所以显示器是 Tom 最经常订购的商品.
Jerry (customer 4) 只一次订购键盘, 所以键盘是 Jerry 最经常订购的商品.
John (customer 5) 没有订购过商品, 所以我们并没有把 John 包含在结果表中.

2.代码实现

• 使用多次连接

SELECT
	customer_id,
	a.product_id,
	b.product_name 
FROM
	( SELECT customer_id, product_id, count( product_id ) ct FROM orders GROUP BY customer_id, product_id ) a,
	products b 
WHERE
	a.product_id = b.product_id 
	AND ( customer_id, ct ) IN (
        SELECT customer_id,max( ct ) FROM
        ( SELECT customer_id, count( product_id ) ct FROM orders GROUP BY customer_id, product_id ) tmp 
        GROUP BY customer_id)

• 使用窗口函数

利用窗口函数对每一名客户和对应的订单数量进行排名,最后取第一名

select customer_id, a.product_id, product_name from
(select
    customer_id,
    product_id,
    rank() over(partition by customer_id order by count(product_id) desc)r
from orders
group by customer_id, product_id
) a
join products b on a.product_id = b.product_id
where r = 1

• 使用With as提高性能

所谓的With as就是可以将一些重复使用到的SQL语句放到with as里面，取一个别名，后面的查询就可以直接使用，这样对于大批量的SQL语句就会起到一个优化的作用

with  a as
(select
    customer_id,
    product_id,
    rank() over(partition by customer_id order by count(product_id) desc)r
from orders
group by customer_id, product_id
)
select customer_id, a.product_id, product_name from a
join products b on a.product_id = b.product_id
where r = 1