LVM逻辑卷管理

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-28 18:27:19 发布

追光者也

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-28 18:27:19 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61544599/article/details/128182512

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1、管理PV物理卷

pvs #显示PV的简要信息
pvdisplay #显示所有PV的属性
pvcreate /dev/sdf1 #创建PV
pvremove #删除PV
pvmove #移动PV中的数据

2、管理VG卷组

vgs #显示vg的信息
vgdisplay #显示VG的详细信息
vgcreate myvg /dev/sdf1 #将sdf1这个PV创建了一个·vg,加-s可指定PE大小
vgremove #删除VG
vgreduce #从VG中移除PV
vgextend #将pv添加到VG中

3、管理LV逻辑卷

lvs #显示lv的信息
lvdisplay #显示lv的详细信息
lvcreate -L 5G -n mylv myvg #-L创建5G空间，-n命名为mylv,-l可以指定分配多少PE给lv
lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n mylv myvg #分配所有vg空间给lv
lvremove #删除lv
lvreduce #减少LV的容量
lvextend #增加LV的容量
lvresize #改变LV的容量

4、格式化LV为文件系统

mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv #格式化为ext4
mkfs.xfs /dev/myvg/mylv #格式化为xfs格式
mount /dev/myvg/mylv /home/test #挂载

5、EXT系列文件系统

5.1、LVM磁盘扩容操作（VG还有空间的情况，无空间需要将其他磁盘格式化成PV，在加入需要扩容的VG组里面）

umount /dev/myvg/mylv #卸载设备
lvextend/lvresize -L +5G /dev/myvg/mylv #按照容量大小添加5G
lvextend/lvresize -l +200 /dev/myvg/mylv #按照PE大小添加200PE，每个PE默认4M
resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv 20G #20G是你希望扩大到的空间大小（EXT系列文件系统扩容）

5.2、LVM磁盘收缩操作

umount /dev/myvg/mylv #卸载设备
e2fsck -f /dev/myvg/mylv #磁盘检查
resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv 10G #收缩文件系统为10G（EXT）
vgreduce myvg /dev/sdf2 #从VG移除空闲PV
pvremove /dev/sdf2 #移除该PV

6、XFS系列文件系统（XFS文件系统只能扩容，无法收缩）

6.1 LVM磁盘扩容操作

mount /dev/myvg/mylv /home/test #挂载
lvextend -L +10G /dev/myvg/mylv #扩容10G空间
xfs_growfs /home/test #xfs可以在挂载的情况下扩容。

6.2 vg容量不足可以将其他PV加入到VG中，然后再扩容

vgextend myvg /dev/sde1 #pv sde1加入到myvg
lvextend -L +10G /dev/myvg/mylv #再扩容10G空间
xfs_growfs /home/test #文件系统扩容

7、EXT4系列文件扩容与缩小案例

创建分区sdf1

创建pv,vg,lv

[root@localhost scripts]# pvcreate /dev/sdf1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdf1" successfully created.
[root@localhost scripts]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/sdc3  centos lvm2 a--  10.91t     0
  /dev/sdf1         lvm2 ---  10.00g 10.00g
[root@localhost scripts]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sdf1
  Volume group "myvg" successfully created
[root@localhost scripts]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  centos   1   3   0 wz--n-  10.91t      0
  myvg     1   0   0 wz--n- <10.00g <10.00g
[root@localhost scripts]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mylv myvg
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/myvg/mylv at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/myvg/mylv.
  Logical volume "mylv" created.
[root@localhost scripts]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home centos -wi-ao---- 10.86t
  root centos -wi-ao---- 50.00g
  swap centos -wi-ao----  4.00g
  mylv myvg   -wi-a-----  5.00g

格式化lv为ext4文件系统

[root@localhost scripts]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

挂载，mount /dev/myvg/mylv /home/test/

查看

[root@localhost scripts]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 378G     0  378G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    378G  100K  378G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    378G   20M  378G   1% /run
tmpfs                    378G     0  378G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G  8.9G   42G  18% /
/dev/sdc2               1014M  220M  795M  22% /boot
/dev/sdc1                200M   12M  189M   6% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/centos-home   11T  197M   11T   1% /home
tmpfs                     76G   48K   76G   1% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv    4.8G   20M  4.6G   1% /home/test

lv逻辑卷扩容，在vg还有容量的情况，扩展2G，在vg容量不足时可以先在其他磁盘创建PV，再加入到刚刚创建的myvg,再进行扩容操作。

[root@localhost scripts]# umount /home/test
[root@localhost scripts]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/myvg/mylv
  Size of logical volume myvg/mylv changed from 5.00 GiB (1280 extents) to 7.00 GiB (1792 extents).
  Logical volume myvg/mylv successfully resized.
[root@localhost scripts]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home centos -wi-ao---- 10.86t
  root centos -wi-ao---- 50.00g
  swap centos -wi-ao----  4.00g
  mylv myvg   -wi-a-----  7.00g

上一步只是扩容的lv,现在扩容文件系统，查看已经有7G空间了

[root@localhost scripts]# e2fsck -f /dev/myvg/mylv
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/myvg/mylv: 11/327680 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 58462/1310720 blocks
[root@localhost scripts]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv to 1835008 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv is now 1835008 blocks long.

[root@localhost scripts]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv /home/test/
[root@localhost scripts]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 378G     0  378G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    378G  100K  378G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    378G   20M  378G   1% /run
tmpfs                    378G     0  378G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G  8.9G   42G  18% /
/dev/sdc2               1014M  220M  795M  22% /boot
/dev/sdc1                200M   12M  189M   6% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/centos-home   11T  197M   11T   1% /home
tmpfs                     76G   48K   76G   1% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv    6.8G   23M  6.4G   1% /home/test

缩小容量为5G，先缩小文件系统，再缩小lv，缩小文件系统数据丢失风险大

[root@localhost scripts]# e2fsck -f /dev/myvg/mylv
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/myvg/mylv: 11/458752 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 67327/1835008 blocks
[root@localhost scripts]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv 5G
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv to 1310720 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv is now 1310720 blocks long.
[root@localhost scripts]# lvreduce -L -2G /dev/myvg/mylv
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 5.00 GiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce myvg/mylv? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume myvg/mylv changed from 7.00 GiB (1792 extents) to 5.00 GiB (1280 extents).
  Logical volume myvg/mylv successfully resized.
[root@localhost scripts]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home centos -wi-ao---- 10.86t
  root centos -wi-ao---- 50.00g
  swap centos -wi-ao----  4.00g
  mylv myvg   -wi-a-----  5.00g

8、XFS文件系统扩容案例

fdisk /dev/sdf,创建sdf2

创建pv,vg,lv,文件系统，挂载

[root@localhost scripts]# pvcreate /dev/sdf2
  Physical volume "/dev/sdf2" successfully created.
[root@localhost scripts]# vgcreate myvg1 /dev/sdf2
  Volume group "myvg1" successfully created
[root@localhost scripts]# lvcreate -L +5G -n mylv1 myvg1
  Logical volume "mylv1" created.
[root@localhost scripts]# lvs
  LV    VG     Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home  centos -wi-ao---- 10.86t
  root  centos -wi-ao---- 50.00g
  swap  centos -wi-ao----  4.00g
  mylv  myvg   -wi-a-----  5.00g
  mylv1 myvg1  -wi-a-----  5.00g
[root@localhost scripts]# mkfs.xfs /dev/myvg1/mylv1
meta-data=/dev/myvg1/mylv1       isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost scripts]# mount /dev/myvg1/mylv1 /home/test/
[root@localhost scripts]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 378G     0  378G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    378G  100K  378G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    378G   20M  378G   1% /run
tmpfs                    378G     0  378G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G  8.9G   42G  18% /
/dev/sdc2               1014M  220M  795M  22% /boot
/dev/sdc1                200M   12M  189M   6% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/centos-home   11T  197M   11T   1% /home
tmpfs                     76G   48K   76G   1% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/myvg1-mylv1  5.0G   33M  5.0G   1% /home/test

XFS文件系统扩容，先扩容lv,再扩容文件系统，xfs文件系统可以不卸载扩容

[root@localhost scripts]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/myvg1/mylv1
  Size of logical volume myvg1/mylv1 changed from 5.00 GiB (1280 extents) to 7.00 GiB (1792 extents).
  Logical volume myvg1/mylv1 successfully resized.
[root@localhost scripts]# xfs_growfs /home/test/
meta-data=/dev/mapper/myvg1-mylv1 isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 1310720 to 1835008
[root@localhost scripts]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 378G     0  378G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    378G  100K  378G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    378G   20M  378G   1% /run
tmpfs                    378G     0  378G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G  8.9G   42G  18% /
/dev/sdc2               1014M  220M  795M  22% /boot
/dev/sdc1                200M   12M  189M   6% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/centos-home   11T  197M   11T   1% /home
tmpfs                     76G   48K   76G   1% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/myvg1-mylv1  7.0G   33M  7.0G   1% /home/test

xfs文件系统一般不能缩小容量操作，除非重新格式化，数据会丢失无意义。