1. 在清单文件中申请蓝牙权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<!-- If your app targets Android 9 or lower, you can declare
ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION instead. -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<!-- ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION：允许一个程序访问CellID或WiFi热点来获取大致的位置 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />2. 设置蓝牙
2.1 获取全局的蓝牙适配器
所有蓝牙 Activity 都需要 BluetoothAdapter。如要获取 BluetoothAdapter，请调用静态的 getDefaultAdapter() 方法。此方法会返回一个 BluetoothAdapter 对象，表示设备自身的蓝牙适配器（蓝牙无线装置）。整个系统只有一个蓝牙适配器，并且您的应用可使用此对象与之进行交互。如果 getDefaultAdapter() 返回 null，则表示设备不支持蓝牙。
//在fragment的onCreateView中判断
if (bluetoothAdapter == null){
text_tip.setText("当前设备不支持蓝牙功能！！！");
}
//所有变量
private final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 0xa01;
private final int ACCESS_LOCATION=1;
private View view;
private Button btn_open;
private Button btn_linked;
private Button btn_unLink;
private TextView text_tip;
//获取蓝牙适配器
private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
private ListView listView;
private SimpleAdapter listAdapter;
private List<Map<String,Object>> listData;
private Map<String,Object> listItem;
2.1 开启蓝牙
通过startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);函数可以请求设备开启蓝牙。结果将通过onActivityResult中的resultCode回传。
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) {
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "成功打开蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "打开蓝牙失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
public void openBlueTooth(){
if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}
}
这样应用就可以开启设备蓝牙功能了。
3. 查找其他蓝牙设备
3.1 建立listView显示以查找到了蓝牙设备
添加bluetooth_list.xml用做list布局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal"
>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/dv_name"
android:layout_width="100dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="24sp"
android:textColor="@color/black"
>
</TextView>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/dv_mac"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="24sp"
>
</TextView>
</LinearLayout>
3.2 查询已配对设备
利用 BluetoothAdapter，您可以通过设备发现或查询配对设备的列表来查找远程蓝牙设备。
在执行设备发现之前，首先必须查询已配对的设备集，以了解所需的设备是否处于已检测到状态。为此，需要调用 getBondedDevices()。此方法会返回一组表示已配对设备的 BluetoothDevice 对象。
public void displayLinked() {
Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
String deviceName = device.getName();
String deviceHardwareAddress = device.getAddress(); // MAC address
listItem=new HashMap<String,Object>(); //必须在循环体里新建
listItem.put("name", deviceName);
listItem.put("mac",deviceHardwareAddress);
listData.add(listItem); //添加一条记录
}
listAdapter = new SimpleAdapter(view.getContext(),
listData,
R.layout.bluetooth_list, //自行创建的列表项布局
new String[]{"name","mac"},
new int[]{R.id.dv_name,R.id.dv_mac});
listView.setAdapter(listAdapter);
}else {
Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "没有配对的蓝牙设备", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
3.3 搜索设备
如要开始发现设备，只需调用 startDiscovery()。该进程为异步操作，并且会返回一个布尔值，指示发现进程是否已成功启动。发现进程通常包含约 12 秒钟的查询扫描，随后会对发现的每台设备进行页面扫描，以检索其蓝牙名称。
但应用应用必须针对 ACTION_FOUND Intent 注册一个 BroadcastReceiver，以便接收每台发现的设备的相关信息。系统会为每台设备广播此 Intent。Intent 包含额外字段 EXTRA_DEVICE 和 EXTRA_CLASS，二者又分别包含 BluetoothDevice 和 BluetoothClass。
//在onCreateView()函数中启用管广播
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
view.getContext().registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
自己注册一个广播，并将每次搜索到的蓝牙设备添加到listView中。还需要在onDestroy()方法中关闭广播。
private final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
System.out.println(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action));
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "正在搜索....", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
String deviceName = device.getName();
Log.i(TAG, "deviceName: "+deviceName);
String deviceHardwareAddress = device.getAddress(); // MAC address
listItem=new HashMap<String,Object>(); //必须在循环体里新建
listItem.put("name", deviceName);
listItem.put("mac",deviceHardwareAddress);
listData.add(listItem); //添加一条记录
listAdapter = new SimpleAdapter(view.getContext(),
listData,
R.layout.bluetooth_list, //自行创建的列表项布局
new String[]{"name","mac"},
new int[]{R.id.dv_name,R.id.dv_mac});
listView.setAdapter(listAdapter);
}
}
};
此外还需要一个申请搜索附近蓝牙的权限函数。
private void getPermission() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
int permissionCheck = 0;
permissionCheck = view.getContext().checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
permissionCheck += view.getContext().checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
if (permissionCheck != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//未获得权限
this.requestPermissions( // 请求授权
new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},
ACCESS_LOCATION);// 自定义常量,任意整型
}
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case ACCESS_LOCATION:
if (hasAllPermissionGranted(grantResults)) {
Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult: 用户允许权限");
} else {
Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult: 拒绝搜索设备权限");
}
break;
}
}
private boolean hasAllPermissionGranted(int[] grantResults) {
for (int grantResult : grantResults) {
if (grantResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
4. 布局文件与点击事件函数
4.1 fragment布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".FragmentFriend">
<!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="30dp"
android:orientation="horizontal"
>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tip"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="提示信息"
android:textAlignment="center"
android:textSize="24sp"
>
</TextView>
</LinearLayout>
<!--顶部结束-->
<!--主体开始-->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center"
>
<Button
android:id="@+id/open_bluetooth"
android:layout_width="250dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="请求开启蓝牙"
android:textSize="24sp"
>
</Button>
<Button
android:id="@+id/find_linked"
android:layout_width="250dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="显示已连接设备"
android:textSize="24sp"
>
</Button>
<Button
android:id="@+id/find_unlink"
android:layout_width="250dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="搜索设备"
android:textSize="24sp"
>
</Button>
<ListView
android:gravity="center"
android:id="@+id/listView2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:padding="5dip" >
</ListView>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
</FrameLayout>
4.2 点击事件
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.open_bluetooth:
openBlueTooth();
break;
case R.id.find_linked:
displayLinked();
break;
case R.id.find_unlink:
//findDevice();
getPermission();
if (bluetoothAdapter != null && bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
}
//Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "正在搜索", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
default:break;
}
}
5. 完整代码
package com.example.bluetooth;
import static android.app.Activity.RESULT_CANCELED;
import static android.app.Activity.RESULT_OK;
import static android.content.ContentValues.TAG;
import android.Manifest;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
public class FragmentFriend extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener {
private final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 0xa01;
private final int ACCESS_LOCATION=1;
private View view;
private Button btn_open;
private Button btn_linked;
private Button btn_unLink;
private TextView text_tip;
//获取蓝牙适配器
private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
private ListView listView;
private SimpleAdapter listAdapter;
private List<Map<String,Object>> listData;
private Map<String,Object> listItem;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// Inflate the layout for this fragment
view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_friend, container, false);
inItParam();
listData = new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
view.getContext().registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
if (bluetoothAdapter == null){
text_tip.setText("当前设备不支持蓝牙功能！！！");
}
return view;
}
private final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
System.out.println(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action));
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "正在搜索....", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
String deviceName = device.getName();
Log.i(TAG, "deviceName: "+deviceName);
String deviceHardwareAddress = device.getAddress(); // MAC address
listItem=new HashMap<String,Object>(); //必须在循环体里新建
listItem.put("name", deviceName);
listItem.put("mac",deviceHardwareAddress);
listData.add(listItem); //添加一条记录
listAdapter = new SimpleAdapter(view.getContext(),
listData,
R.layout.bluetooth_list, //自行创建的列表项布局
new String[]{"name","mac"},
new int[]{R.id.dv_name,R.id.dv_mac});
listView.setAdapter(listAdapter);
}
}
};
public void inItParam(){
btn_open=view.findViewById(R.id.open_bluetooth);
btn_open.setOnClickListener(this);
btn_linked=view.findViewById(R.id.find_linked);
btn_linked.setOnClickListener(this);
btn_unLink=view.findViewById(R.id.find_unlink);
btn_unLink.setOnClickListener(this);
listView = view.findViewById(R.id.listView2);
text_tip=view.findViewById(R.id.tip);
}
public void openBlueTooth(){
if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}
}
public void displayLinked() {
Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
String deviceName = device.getName();
String deviceHardwareAddress = device.getAddress(); // MAC address
listItem=new HashMap<String,Object>(); //必须在循环体里新建
listItem.put("name", deviceName);
listItem.put("mac",deviceHardwareAddress);
listData.add(listItem); //添加一条记录
}
listAdapter = new SimpleAdapter(view.getContext(),
listData,
R.layout.bluetooth_list, //自行创建的列表项布局
new String[]{"name","mac"},
new int[]{R.id.dv_name,R.id.dv_mac});
listView.setAdapter(listAdapter);
}else {
Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "没有配对的蓝牙设备", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
@Override
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) {
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "成功打开蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "打开蓝牙失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.open_bluetooth:
openBlueTooth();
break;
case R.id.find_linked:
displayLinked();
break;
case R.id.find_unlink:
//findDevice();
getPermission();
if (bluetoothAdapter != null && bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
}
//Toast.makeText(view.getContext(), "正在搜索", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
default:break;
}
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
// Don't forget to unregister the ACTION_FOUND receiver.
view.getContext().unregisterReceiver(receiver);
}
private void getPermission() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
int permissionCheck = 0;
permissionCheck = view.getContext().checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
permissionCheck += view.getContext().checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
if (permissionCheck != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//未获得权限
this.requestPermissions( // 请求授权
new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},
ACCESS_LOCATION);// 自定义常量,任意整型
}
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case ACCESS_LOCATION:
if (hasAllPermissionGranted(grantResults)) {
Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult: 用户允许权限");
} else {
Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult: 拒绝搜索设备权限");
}
break;
}
}
private boolean hasAllPermissionGranted(int[] grantResults) {
for (int grantResult : grantResults) {
if (grantResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
6. 结果演示
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