from sklearn.linear_model import Ridge
k=np.linspace(0,1,29)#(start, end, num=num_points)使k属于[0,1]
y=aaa['import']
x=aaa.iloc[:,1:4]
θ1=[]
θ2=[]
θ3=[]
SSE=[]
for i in range(len(k)):
ridge = Ridge(k[i])
ridge =ridge .fit(x, y)
θ1.append(ridge.coef_[0])
θ2.append(ridge.coef_[1])
θ3.append(ridge.coef_[2])
SSE.append(np.sum((y- ridge.predict(x))**2))
plt.plot(k,θ1,'r',alpha=0.5,)
plt.plot(k,θ2,'b-.',alpha=0.5)
plt.plot(k,θ3,'y+')
plt.xlabel('k',size=15)
plt.ylabel('θj(k)',size=15)
plt.legend(['θ1', 'θ2', 'θ3'], loc='upper right')
plt.title('Figure 10.2 Ridge trace: IMPORT data (1949-1959).',size=20,c='teal')
plt.show()