🌧(day51:P48)
目录
📝题目:
给定一个正整数 n ,输出外观数列的第 n 项。
「外观数列」是一个整数序列,从数字 1 开始,序列中的每一项都是对前一项的描述。
你可以将其视作是由递归公式定义的数字字符串序列:
countAndSay(1) = "1"
countAndSay(n) 是对 countAndSay(n-1) 的描述,然后转换成另一个数字字符串。
前五项如下:
1. 1
2. 11
3. 21
4. 1211
5. 111221
第一项是数字 1
描述前一项,这个数是 1 即 “ 一 个 1 ”,记作 "11"
描述前一项,这个数是 11 即 “ 二 个 1 ” ,记作 "21"
描述前一项,这个数是 21 即 “ 一 个 2 + 一 个 1 ” ,记作 "1211"
描述前一项,这个数是 1211 即 “ 一 个 1 + 一 个 2 + 二 个 1 ” ,记作 "111221"
要描述 一个数字字符串,首先要将字符串分割为最小 数量的组,每个组都由连续的最多相同字符 组成。然后对于每个组,先描述字符的数量,然后描述字符,形成一个描述组。要将描述转换为数字字符串,先将每组中的字符数量用数字替换,再将所有描述组连接起来。(1 <= n <= 30)
⭐示例 1:
输入:n = 1
输出:"1"
解释说明:这是一个基本样例。
⭐示例 2:
输入:n = 4
输出:"1211"
解释说明:
countAndSay(1) = "1"
countAndSay(2) = 读 "1" = 一 个 1 = "11"
countAndSay(3) = 读 "11" = 二 个 1 = "21"
countAndSay(4) = 读 "21" = 一 个 2 + 一 个 1 = "12" + "11" = "1211"
🚩题目分析:
对于描述字符,以“1”为基本样例,后一个字符是对前一个字符的描述。
例如对111221的描述
描述过程中看是否有连续出现的数字,有则合并描述。
比如前面的111描述为3(个)1.而不是1(个)1,1(个)1,1(个)1
💡解题思路:
🌟解法一:站在前人的肩膀上(打表)
说实话,当看到n的取值范围时我已经想到了讨论区一定会出现某个秀儿将1到30的n的描述结果写出来,接着用这份结果进行解题。
结果真是这样。
(截图没截完整,这是c语言的做法)
然而我没想都的是连效率较高的解题案例也是使用这种方法,而且还不止一个。
最让我没想到的是,就连官方给出的题解也有这种方法。绝了
我看解题案例的时候发现使用这种打表法的都将全部的描述案例以列表方式储存,我想到以字典储存描述案例遍历提取答案是比列表要快的。
所以我改用字典储存,结果超过了100%的提交案例。
🌈代码实现
def countAndSay(n):
dct = {
1: "1",
2: "11",
3: "21",
4: "1211",
5: "111221",
6: "312211",
7: "13112221",
8: "1113213211",
9: "31131211131221",
10: "13211311123113112211",
11: "11131221133112132113212221",
12: "3113112221232112111312211312113211",
13: "1321132132111213122112311311222113111221131221",
14: "11131221131211131231121113112221121321132132211331222113112211",
15: "311311222113111231131112132112311321322112111312211312111322212311322113212221",
16: "132113213221133112132113311211131221121321131211132221123113112221131112311332111213211322211312113211",
17: "11131221131211132221232112111312212321123113112221121113122113111231133221121321132132211331121321231231121113122113322113111221131221",
18: "31131122211311123113321112131221123113112211121312211213211321322112311311222113311213212322211211131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231131122212322211331222113112211",
19: "1321132132211331121321231231121113112221121321132122311211131122211211131221131211132221121321132132212321121113121112133221123113112221131112311332111213122112311311123112111331121113122112132113213211121332212311322113212221",
20: "11131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231132132211211131221131211221321123113213221123113112221131112311332211211131221131211132211121312211231131112311211232221121321132132211331121321231231121113112221121321133112132112312321123113112221121113122113121113123112112322111213211322211312113211",
21: "311311222113111231133211121312211231131112311211133112111312211213211312111322211231131122211311122122111312211213211312111322211213211321322113311213212322211231131122211311123113223112111311222112132113311213211221121332211211131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231132132211211131221232112111312211213111213122112132113213221123113112221131112311311121321122112132231121113122113322113111221131221",
22: "132113213221133112132123123112111311222112132113311213211231232112311311222112111312211311123113322112132113213221133122112231131122211211131221131112311332211211131221131211132221232112111312111213322112132113213221133112132113221321123113213221121113122123211211131221222112112322211231131122211311123113321112131221123113111231121113311211131221121321131211132221123113112211121312211231131122211211133112111311222112111312211312111322211213211321322113311213211331121113122122211211132213211231131122212322211331222113112211",
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
24: "3113112221131112311332111213122112311311123112111331121113122112132113121113222112311311221112131221123113112221121113311211131122211211131221131211132221121321132132212321121113121112133221123113112221131112311332111213213211221113122113121113222112132113213221232112111312111213322112132113213221133112132123123112111311222112132113311213211221121332211231131122211311123113321112131221123113112221132231131122211211131221131112311332211213211321223112111311222112132113212221132221222112112322211211131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231132132211211131221232112111312211213111213122112132113213221123113112221133112132123222112111312211312112213211231132132211211131221131211132221121311121312211213211312111322211213211321322113311213212322211231131122211311123113321112131221123113112211121312211213211321222113222112132113223113112221121113122113121113123112112322111213211322211312113211",
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
26: "1113122113121113222123211211131211121311121321123113213221121113122123211211131221121311121312211213211321322112311311222113311213212322211211131221131211221321123113213221121113122113121113222112131112131221121321131211132221121321132132211331121321232221123113112221131112311322311211131122211213211331121321122112133221121113122113121113222123211211131211121311121321123113111231131122112213211321322113311213212322211231131122211311123113223112111311222112132113311213211221121332211231131122211311123113321112131221123113111231121113311211131221121321131211132221123113112211121312211231131122113221122112133221121113122113121113222123211211131211121311121321123113213221121113122113121113222113221113122113121113222112132113213221232112111312111213322112311311222113111221221113122112132113121113222112311311222113111221132221231221132221222112112322211213211321322113311213212312311211131122211213211331121321123123211231131122211211131221131112311332211213211321223112111311222112132113213221123123211231132132211231131122211311123113322112111312211312111322111213122112311311123112112322211213211321322113312211223113112221121113122113111231133221121321132132211331121321232221123123211231132132211231131122211331121321232221123113112221131112311332111213122112311311123112112322211211131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231132132211211131221131211221321123113213221123113112221131112211322212322211231131122211322111312211312111322211213211321322113311213211331121113122122211211132213211231131122212322211331222113112211",
27: "31131122211311123113321112131221123113111231121113311211131221121321131211132221123113112211121312211231131122211211133112111311222112111312211312111322211213211321322123211211131211121332211231131122211311122122111312211213211312111322211231131122211311123113322112111331121113112221121113122113111231133221121113122113121113222123211211131211121332211213211321322113311213211322132112311321322112111312212321121113122122211211232221123113112221131112311332111213122112311311123112111331121113122112132113311213211321222122111312211312111322212321121113121112133221121321132132211331121321132213211231132132211211131221232112111312212221121123222112132113213221133112132123123112111311222112132113311213211231232112311311222112111312211311123113322112132113212231121113112221121321132122211322212221121123222112311311222113111231133211121312211231131112311211133112111312211213211312111322211231131122211311123113322113223113112221131112311332211211131221131211132211121312211231131112311211232221121321132132211331221122311311222112111312211311123113322112132113213221133122211332111213112221133211322112211213322112111312211312111322212321121113121112131112132112311321322112111312212321121113122112131112131221121321132132211231131122211331121321232221121113122113121122132112311321322112111312211312111322211213111213122112132113121113222112132113213221133112132123222112311311222113111231132231121113112221121321133112132112211213322112111312211312111322212311222122132113213221123113112221133112132123222112111312211312111322212321121113121112133221121311121312211213211312111322211213211321322123211211131211121332211213211321322113311213212312311211131122211213211331121321122112133221123113112221131112311332111213122112311311123112111331121113122112132113121113222112311311222113111221221113122112132113121113222112132113213221133122211332111213322112132113213221132231131122211311123113322112111312211312111322212321121113122123211231131122113221123113221113122112132113213211121332212311322113212221",
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}
return dct[n]
🌟解法二:递归+指针
经由上面分析,我们使用递归和指针相互结合来解题。
首先是递归。
我们知道后一个描述数列是对前一个数列的描述,也就是以“1”为基本数列,不断按照规则写出后一描述数列。
再者是指针。
根据描述规则,我们需要找出连续出现的数字合并描述。
那么,我们可以在数列开头放置指针start,和指针remove,我们每次将remove指针向左移动一位并判断start对应的数和remove对应的数是否一样。
如果一样我们则继续移动remove指针,直到remove对应的数和start对应的数不同,那么这时我们将remove指针的值减去start指针的值即为连续数字出现的个数。
如果不一样我们仍可以按照着一做法来做,因为不一样也就说明start指针对应的数出现1次。
接着我们再将start指针放到remove指针的位置,重复这一步骤。
例如111221
开始时放置start和remove指针
两指针对应的数一样,将remove指针往左移,此时remove指针对应第二个1.和start对应的数仍然一样,我们继续移动remove指针,直到remove指针移到第一个2的位置时。start指针和remove指针对应的数不同。
那么这时候start指针 = 1(开头位置设为1),remove指针 = 4。remove - start = 4 - 1 =3,即为1连续出现的个数。
接着我们再将start指针移动到remov鹅指针的位置,重复上一过程即可。
🌈代码实现
def countAndSay(n):
res = '1'
for i in range(1, n):
temp = ''
start = 0
remove = 0
m = len(res)
while remove < m:
while remove < m and res[remove] == res[start]:
remove += 1
temp += str(remove - start) + res[start]
start = remove
res = temp
return res
✏代码注释
def countAndSay(n):
res = '1'
for i in range(1, n): # 用于递归,解出第n个描述数列
temp = '' # 用于临时储存的变量
start = 0 # 初始化指针
remove = 0
m = len(res)
while remove < m: # 当remove指针移到最后一个数时结束循环
while remove < m and res[remove] == res[start]:
remove += 1 # start指针和remove指针相等情况
# 构造部分描述数列
temp += str(remove - start) + res[start]
start = remove # 将start指针移到到remove指针的位置
res = temp # 得到一个描述数列
return res
这里我们可以看到,使用了递归解法但是没用使用到函数的递归。因为递归解法不一定要再次调用函数自身。
时间复杂度:O(n×m),其中 n为给定的正整数n,m 为生成的字符串中的最大长度。
空间复杂度:O(n)。其中 m 为生成的字符串中的最大长度。
处。
今天就到这,明天见。🚀
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