字符函数第三弹：C语言中常见字符函数的用法解析之长度受限制的字符串函数

长度受限制的字符串函数

1. 引出

长度不受限制的字符串函数	长度受限制的字符串函数
strcpy	strncpy
strcat	strncat
strcmp	strncmp

2. 头文件引用

#include <string.h>

strncpy

1. 格式

char * strncpy ( char * destination, const char * source, size_t num );

Copies the first num characters of source to destination. If the end of the source C string (which is signaled by a null-character) is found before num characters have been copied, destination is padded with zeros until a total of num characters have been written to it.

2. 使用

• 拷贝num个字符从源字符串到目标空间。

• 如果源字符串的长度小于num，则拷贝完源字符串之后，在目标的后边追加0，直到num个。

2.1 代码演示

int main()
{
	char arr1[20] = "abcdefghi";
	char arr2[] = "xxxx";
	strncpy(arr1, arr2, 8);
	return 0;
}

2.1.1 源码的实现

char * __cdecl strncpy (
        char * dest,
        const char * source,
        size_t count
        )
{
        char *start = dest;

        while (count && (*dest++ = *source++) != '\0')    /* copy string */
                count--;

        if (count)                              /* pad out with zeroes */
                while (--count)
                        *dest++ = '\0';

        return(start);
}

strncat

1. 格式

char * strncat ( char * destination, const char * source, size_t num );

• Appends the first num characters of source to destination, plus a terminating null-character.

• If the length of the C string in source is less than num, only the content up to the terminating null-character is copied.

2. 使用

2.1 用于两个字符串数

int main ()
{
    char str1[20];
    char str2[20];
    strcpy (str1,"To be ");
    strcpy (str2,"or not to be");
    strncat (str1, str2, 6);
    puts (str1);
    return 0;
}

2.2 字符串自我追加

int main()
{
	char arr1[20] = "abc";
	strncat(arr1, arr1, 3);
	printf("%s\n", arr1);
	return 0;
}

strncmp

1. 格式

int strncmp ( const char * str1, const char * str2, size_t num );

2. 使用

比较到出现另个字符不一样或者一个字符串结束或者num个字符全部比较完。

int main ()
{
  char str[][5] = { "R2D2" , "C3PO" , "R2A6" };
  int n;
  puts ("Looking for R2 astromech droids...");
  for (n=0 ; n<3 ; n++)
  if (strncmp (str[n],"R2xx",2) == 0)//比较前两个元素，相等即为0
 {
    printf ("found %s\n",str[n]);
 }
  return 0; 
}