python之万花尺

1、使用模块

import sys, random, argparse
import numpy as np
import math
import turtle
import random
from PIL import Image
from datetime import datetime
from math import gcd

依次使用pip下载即可

2、代码

import sys, random, argparse
import numpy as np
import math
import turtle
import random
from PIL import Image
from datetime import datetime
from math import gcd


# A class that draws a spirograph
class Spiro:
    # constructor
    def __init__(self, xc, yc, col, R, r, l):

        # create own turtle
        self.t = turtle.Turtle()
        # set cursor shape
        self.t.shape('turtle')
        # set step in degrees
        self.step = 5
        # set drawing complete flag
        self.drawingComplete = False

        # set parameters
        self.setparams(xc, yc, col, R, r, l)

        # initiatize drawing
        self.restart()

    # set parameters
    def setparams(self, xc, yc, col, R, r, l):
        # spirograph parameters
        self.xc = xc
        self.yc = yc
        self.R = int(R)
        self.r = int(r)
        self.l = l
        self.col = col
        # reduce r/R to smallest form by dividing with GCD
        gcdVal = gcd(self.r, self.R)
        self.nRot = self.r // gcdVal
        # get ratio of radii
        self.k = r / float(R)
        # set color
        self.t.color(*col)
        # current angle
        self.a = 0

    # restart drawing
    def restart(self):
        # set flag
        self.drawingComplete = False
        # show turtle
        self.t.showturtle()
        # go to first point
        self.t.up()
        R, k, l = self.R, self.k, self.l
        a = 0.0
        x = R * ((1 - k) * math.cos(a) + l * k * math.cos((1 - k) * a / k))
        y = R * ((1 - k) * math.sin(a) - l * k * math.sin((1 - k) * a / k))
        self.t.setpos(self.xc + x, self.yc + y)
        self.t.down()

    # draw the whole thing
    def draw(self):
        # draw rest of points
        R, k, l = self.R, self.k, self.l
        for i in range(0, 360 * self.nRot + 1, self.step):
            a = math.radians(i)
            x = R * ((1 - k) * math.cos(a) + l * k * math.cos((1 - k) * a / k))
            y = R * ((1 - k) * math.sin(a) - l * k * math.sin((1 - k) * a / k))
            self.t.setpos(self.xc + x, self.yc + y)
        # done - hide turtle
        self.t.hideturtle()

    # update by one step
    def update(self):
        # skip if done
        if self.drawingComplete:
            return
        # increment angle
        self.a += self.step
        # draw step
        R, k, l = self.R, self.k, self.l
        # set angle
        a = math.radians(self.a)
        x = self.R * ((1 - k) * math.cos(a) + l * k * math.cos((1 - k) * a / k))
        y = self.R * ((1 - k) * math.sin(a) - l * k * math.sin((1 - k) * a / k))
        self.t.setpos(self.xc + x, self.yc + y)
        # check if drawing is complete and set flag
        if self.a >= 360 * self.nRot:
            self.drawingComplete = True
            # done - hide turtle
            self.t.hideturtle()

    # clear everything
    def clear(self):
        self.t.clear()


# A class for animating spirographs
class SpiroAnimator:
    # constructor
    def __init__(self, N):
        # timer value in milliseconds
        self.deltaT = 10
        # get window dimensions
        self.width = turtle.window_width()
        self.height = turtle.window_height()
        # create spiro objects
        self.spiros = []
        for i in range(N):
            # generate random parameters
            rparams = self.genRandomParams()
            # set spiro params
            spiro = Spiro(*rparams)
            self.spiros.append(spiro)
        # call timer
        turtle.ontimer(self.update, self.deltaT)

    # restart sprio drawing
    def restart(self):
        for spiro in self.spiros:
            # clear
            spiro.clear()
            # generate random parameters
            rparams = self.genRandomParams()
            # set spiro params
            spiro.setparams(*rparams)
            # restart drawing
            spiro.restart()

    # generate random parameters
    def genRandomParams(self):
        width, height = self.width, self.height
        R = random.randint(50, min(width, height) // 2)
        r = random.randint(10, 9 * R // 10)
        l = random.uniform(0.1, 0.9)
        xc = random.randint(-width // 2, width // 2)
        yc = random.randint(-height // 2, height // 2)
        col = (random.random(),
               random.random(),
               random.random())
        return (xc, yc, col, R, r, l)

    def update(self):
        # update all spiros
        nComplete = 0
        for spiro in self.spiros:
            # update
            spiro.update()
            # count completed ones
            if spiro.drawingComplete:
                nComplete += 1
        # if all spiros are complete, restart
        if nComplete == len(self.spiros):
            self.restart()
        # call timer
        turtle.ontimer(self.update, self.deltaT)

    # toggle turtle on/off
    def toggleTurtles(self):
        for spiro in self.spiros:
            if spiro.t.isvisible():
                spiro.t.hideturtle()
            else:
                spiro.t.showturtle()


# save spiros to image
def saveDrawing():
    # hide turtle
    turtle.hideturtle()
    # generate unique file name
    dateStr = (datetime.now()).strftime("%d%b%Y-%H%M%S")
    fileName = 'spiro-' + dateStr
    print('saving drawing to %s.eps/png' % fileName)
    # get tkinter canvas
    canvas = turtle.getcanvas()
    # save postscipt image
    canvas.postscript(file=fileName + '.eps')
    # use PIL to convert to PNG
    img = Image.open(fileName + '.eps')
    img.save(fileName + '.png', 'png')
    # show turtle
    turtle.showturtle()


# main() function
def main():
    # use sys.argv if needed
    print('generating spirograph...')
    # create parser
    descStr = """This program draws spirographs using the Turtle module. 
    When run with no arguments, this program draws random spirographs.

    Terminology:

    R: radius of outer circle.
    r: radius of inner circle.
    l: ratio of hole distance to r.
    """
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=descStr)

    # add expected arguments
    parser.add_argument('--sparams', nargs=3, dest='sparams', required=False,
                        help="The three arguments in sparams: R, r, l.")

    # parse args
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # set to 80% screen width
    turtle.setup(width=0.8)

    # set cursor shape
    turtle.shape('turtle')

    # set title
    turtle.title("Spirographs!")
    # add key handler for saving images
    turtle.onkey(saveDrawing, "s")
    # start listening
    turtle.listen()

    # hide main turtle cursor
    turtle.hideturtle()

    # checks args and draw
    if args.sparams:
        params = [float(x) for x in args.sparams]
        # draw spirograph with given parameters
        # black by default
        col = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
        spiro = Spiro(0, 0, col, *params)
        spiro.draw()
    else:
        # create animator object
        spiroAnim = SpiroAnimator(4)
        # add key handler to toggle turtle cursor
        turtle.onkey(spiroAnim.toggleTurtles, "t")
        # add key handler to restart animation
        turtle.onkey(spiroAnim.restart, "space")

    # start turtle main loop
    turtle.mainloop()


# call main
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()




注意缩进，注意运行需要在命令行进行运行虽然在pycharm上可以运行但是没办法自己挑选参数

3、结果